Return to LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY WOODS HOLE. MASS. Loaned by American Museum of Natural History i f- '" P ROOEEDINGS %>^^'0'i7AL I. OF THE ACADEMY OF NATUEAL SCIENCES VOL. V. 1850 & 1851. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY By Merrihew & Thompson, 7 Carter's Alley. 1852. ^A^ ) OF THE ACADEMY OF NATUEAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. V. 1850 & 1851. PHILADELPHIA: PRINTED FOR THE ACADEMY Bjf Merrihew & Tbompson, 7 Carter's Alley. 1852. < A sii ERRATA IN VOL. V. Page 14, line IC from tottom, for Zeuler read Zmler. top, for Februaty read August. bottom, for Plumus read Plmnos. " for Vol. 5 read Vol. 4. top, for necessarily read unnecessarily. bottom, for Heidinger read Ilaidinger. top, for Dikaj read Dijal\ " for isoseoles read isosceles. " ioT joints re&A points. bottom, for jjapidiis read Passalus. " for //<* read Julus. " for 8 read 13, and for 34 read 54. I from bottom, for As-piilagaster read il^jijj 2 from bottom, insert John H. Brinton. " for Sowerly read Sowerby. " for Statisque read Statistique. top, for Longstreth read Langstroth. " for rohustum read friscum, " for ". I read z. |. bottom, before " by " insert " read." top, for were read are. " for Silliquaria read Sigillaria. " for Ireland read Icelmid. " 297, bottom line, for Arctos read maritimns. " 301, line 21 from bottom, for wVi^'e read cinque. ' 345, top line, ioT puncticollis read pori colli s. " 357, line 21 from top, for Coaco read Cocoa, " 357, " 11 " bottom, for Bor^ieo read /. Sj(1i 5. 1 II a ^^ lO T '' " '* ii hJuxcL ... p \ ^(Jja^ 1 1 ^^' INDEX TO VOLUME V. Abert, Col. J. J,, don. to lib., 17, 101 ; don. to mus., 107, 229, 257. Acad. C. L. C. Natura; Curiosorum, don. to lib., 230. Adams, Prof. C. B., don. to lib. 18, 39, 47, 62, 162, 232. Agassiz, Prof. L., don. to lib,, 136, 257. Akin, Wm. E. A., don. to lib. 302. Alder, Joshua, don. to lib., .52. American Acad, of Arts and Sciences, don. to lib. 17, 194. American Antiquarian Soc, don. to lib., 135. Amer. Philosoph. Soc. don. to lib., 160, 257, 301. American Association, don. to lib., 196, 232. Anderson, Dr., don. to mus., 61. Ard, Dr. Joseph, don. to mus. 256. Ash, Mr., don. to mus., 107. Ashmead, Samuel, don. to mus., 61, 107, 229, 297, 357. Ashmolean Soc. of Oxford, don. to lib., 76. Bache, Prof. Franklin, don. to mus, 159. Ball, Robprt, don. to lib., 76, J36. Balliere, H., don. to lib., 135,191, 196. Bailey, Prof. J. W., don. to lib., 196. Bannan, Thos., don. to mus., 255. Bavarian Government, list of minerals offered by, 308. Becker, J., 71. Bell, Mr., don. to lib., 198. Bisset, Mr., don. to mus., 159. Blanding, Dr. A. O., don. to mus., 37. Blanchard, M. Emile, don. to lib.. 111. Blyth, Edward, don. to lib., 76. Bond, Dr., don. to mus., 159. Bonaparte, Ch. Lucien, don. to lib. 76, 113, 135. Bourcier, M., don. to mus., 255. Bonsdorff, Prof. don. to mus., 357. Boston Soc. of Nat. History, don. to lib., 40, 41, 63, 162, 231, 298, 301, 358. Boguslawski, Dr., don. to lib., 232. Board of Health of Philadelphia, don. to lib. 15. Brinley, Lieut. E., don. to mus., 256. Bridges, Dr. Robert, don. to mus., 230; elected Vice-President, 83 ; remarks on occasion of decease of Dr. S. G. Morton, 203. Browne, Peter A., don. to lib., 62, 230 ; on the tegumentary appendages of the Ornithorynchus paradoxus, 2 ; pecu- liarities of the hair in the mammalia, 56, 145. Burnett, Dr. don. to lib., 358 j on the Cicada septendecim, 211. Budd, Dr. Chas. T.,clon. to mus.,13, 229. Burtt, Dr. J. L., don. to mus., 297, 358. Carson, Dr. Joseph, don. to mus., 38, 357 ; don. to lib. 41. Cardeza, Joseph M., don. to mus., 71. Cassin John, don. to lib. 18; don. to mus. 72 ; descriptions of new species of Vidua, Atticora, Hirundo, &c. 56; descriptions of new species of Para- disea, Pastor and Buceros, 67 ; des- cription of new species of Parus, Em- beriza, Carduelis, &c., 103; notice of a new species of duck, hitherto re- garded as Oidemia fusca L. 126; sketch of the birds of the genera Vireo and Vireosylvia, 149 ; new spe- cies of Galbula and Bucco, 154; notes of an examination of the family Ca- primulgidas, 175; on specimens of Ephialtes neevia and E. asio, 236; on new species of Laniadae, 244; on Ci- cada Cassinii and C. septendecim, 273 ; catalogue of Caprimulgidae in mus. A. N. S. (succeeding page 306) ; description of Birds of the genera Laniarius, Dicrurus, Graucalus, &c. 347. Cantor, Dr. Theodore, don. to mus. 25.5 j don. to lib. 256. Christman, J., don. to mus., 71. Chipman, Isaac, don. to mus., 358. IV. INDEX. Charleston Med. Journal and Review, don. of by Editors, 232, 257,301, 302, 301. Coates, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., 133. Coleman, Dr., don. to mus., 357. Committees, standing, for 1850, 2; for 1851, 141. Committee on Mr. Conrad's description of new species of Eocene shells, 2; on P. A. Browne's description of te- gumentary appendages of the Orni- thorynchus paradoxus, 2 : on Mr. Conrad's new species of fresh water shells from Arkansas and from Aus- tralia, 7 ; on Dr. Lewis R. Gibbes' Catalogue of Crustacea in the Cabi- net of Academy, 22 ; on P. A. Browne's description of hair of head of Albinos, 22; on Dr. Leidy's new species of Entophyta, 33 : on Dr. Lei- dy's new American species of Anne lida abranchia, 34 ; on iSIr. Cassin's new sp. of Vidua, Hirundo, &c., 56 ; on Mr. Moss's new Carpolite from Arkansas, 56 ; on Mr. Cassin's new sp. of Pastor, Paridisea, and Buceros, 66; on Drs. Owen and Shumard's new Crinoidea from Iowa, 06,235; on Dr. Leidy's description of a new species of Ligula, 83; on Dr. Deane's fossil footprints of Connecticut river, 95 ; on Dr. Townsend's description of Lupus gigas, 95 ; on Mr. Cassin's de- scription of new Birds from Califor- nia, collected by J. G. Bell, 95; on Dr. Leidy's description of three Fi- lariae, ] 17 ; on Dr. Leidy's new ge- nera of Vermes, 119; on Dr. T. C. Henry's new species of Centrarchus, 121 ; on Mr. Cassin's new species of duck, 123 ; on Dr. Woodhouse's descr. of Canis frustror, 139 ; on Mr. R. C. Taylor's Notes of a geolog. exam, in the aurif. porphyry region next the Caribbean Sea, in Veraguas and the Isthmus of Panama, 139; on Dr. B. H. Coates's paper on the antiquity of Tin, 142 ; on Dr. Leidy's new En- tozoa, 142, 201 ; on Mr. Cassin's sketch of the genera Vireo and Vireo- sylvia, 149; on Mr. Cassin's new species of Bucco, 149 ; on do. 's Notes on iheCaprimuliiidae in Mus. A. N. S. 173; on Col. M'Call's paper on the Birds of Western Texas and New Mexico, 210; on Dr. Leidy's Contri- butions to Helminthology, 212, 2J7, 275, 331 ; on Prof. J. D. Dana's Con- spectus of the Crustacea of the Am. Explor. Exp., 237, 264; on Dr. Fish- er's new sp. of Cicada, 237 ; on Mr. Cassin's description of Laniadrp, 237 ; on Dr. Le Conte's paper on the Lons;i- corn Coleoptera of the U. S., 203, 329; on Mr. Cassin's Catalogue of Caprimulgidre in Col. A. N. S., 276; on Ch. Girard's sketch of the Gordia- ceae, 276; on Mr. Lea's paper on the genus Acostcea of D'Orbigny, 277 ; on Dr. Le Conte's Synopsis of the sp. of Donacia, 307; on Dr. L.'s Zoological Notes, 307; on Dr. Leidy's Amer. fresh-water Polyzoa and on a new sp. of fossil Crocodile, 3)0 ; on Dr. Ow- en's description of a new mineral and a new earth, 323; on Mr. Girard's new genera of Planariae, 329 ; on Mr. Cassin's description of new species of Laniarius, Dicrurus, Graucalus, &c., 329 ; on Dr. Le Conte's synopsis of the Lampyrido:' of temperate North America, 331. Committee on the occasion of the de- cease of Dr. S. G. Morton, 204, 205. Committee on the Cicada Septendecim, 209. Committee to solicit subscriptions for enlarging Hall of the Academy, 355. Conrad, T. A., don. to mus., 159, 191 ; description of new fresh-water shells from Arkansas and from Australia, 10. Cooke, John, don. to mus., 160. Couper, J. Hamilton, don. to mus., 159. Correspondents elected : Bartlett, John R., New York, 66. Diesing, Dr. C. M., Vienna, 147.) Dewey, H. Bond, Para, Brazil, 54. Evans, Dr. John, Indiana, 106. Girard, Charles, Washington, 157. Haidinger, Wm., Vienna, 157. Henry, Dr. T. C, New York, 66. Hough, Dr. F. B., do., 209. Hyrtl, Prof. Joseph, Vienna, 157. Lagos, Chev. Manoel Ferreira, Rio Janeiro, 4. Malherbe, M. Alfred, Metz, 30. McMichael, Capt. Wm., New York, 59. Swift, Robert, St. Thomas, 254. Tardieu, Ambrose, Paris, 236. Von Hauer, Baron, Vienna, 157. Culbertson, Joseph, don. to mus., 37. Curator's Report for 1850, 129; for 1851, 354. Cresson, Elliott, don. to mus., 37. Dana, Prof. J. D., don. to lib., 16. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, 247, 267. INDEX. Pawson, Dr. J., don. to mus., 159, 164 Dawson, J. W., don. to lib., 72, 257. Deane, Dr. Jannes, don. to lib., 46. De la Ber^e, M., don. to mus., 71. Dewey, H. Bond, don. to mus., 61, J07, 191. Derby, Earl of, don. to lib., 190. Des Mars, M. O., don. to lib., 18, 136 Dovvler, Dr. Bennett, don. to lib., 41, 62, 191, 257. Drinker, Sandwith, don. to mus., 13, 256. Dunglison, Dr. Robley, don. to lib. 230 Dunn, T. C, don. to mus., 160. Ecole des Mines, don. by, of Annales des Mines, 135, 160, 164, 166, 256. 362. Edwards, Edward, don. to lib., 76, 136. Elwyn, Dr. A. L., dep. in mns., 37. Eppes, Dr. R., don. to mus., 38. Etting, Henry, don. to mus., 38. Essex Institute, don. to lib., 164. Erdman, A., don. to lib., 51. Executors of Mrs. Elizabeth Stott, cir- cular from, 109. Executors of Dr. Amos Binney, don. to lib., 299. Executors of Dr. S. G. Morton, dep. in mus., 357. Eyton, T. C, don. to mus., 71; don. to lib., 76, 137. Fahnestock, Dr. G. \V., don. to lib., 302. Faraday, Michael, don. to lib., 77. Fisher, S. B., don. to mus., 37. Fisher, Thomas, don. to mus., 160 ; don. to lib., 162. Fisher, Dr. J. C., don. to mus., 191, 229, 256, 298, 357; don. to lib., 198; on periodical recurrence of certain insects, 237 ; on a new species of Ci- cada, 272 ; Corozo Palm, 330. Fischer de Waldheim, G.. don. to lib., 15. Forschey, Prof., don. to mus., 109. Foulke, W. Parker, don. to mus., 255 , don. to lib., 301. Frazer, Prof. J. F., don. to mus., 160. 297. Frazer, Louis, don. to lib., 192. Geological Soc. of London, don. to lib., 196,231, 301. Geneva Nat. Hist. Society, don. to lib.. 63, 302. Geological and Polytechnic Soc. of West Riding of Yorksiiire, don. to lib., IS, 39, 256. Gibson, William, don. to lib., 17. Gibbes, Dr. R. W., don. to mus., 72 ; don. to lib. 196. Gibbes, Dr. Lewis R., Catalogue of Crustacea in Cabinet of Acad. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, 22. Gilliams, J., don. to mus., 255. Girard, Charles, Historical Sketch of GordiacecB, 279; don. to lib. 135,360. Gliddon, George R., don. to lib., 112; on the Ibis reli:j;iosa, 84. Goddard, Dr. P. B., don. to mus., 297. Goadby, Mr., don. to mus., 37. Graham, Col. J. D., don. to lib., 62, 135. Gray, John E., don. to lib., IS, 76,232, 301. Gray, George R., don. to lib., 76. Griffith, Dr. R. E., dep. in lib., 41, 63. Griffith, R., don. to lib., 77. Gullis, Mr. C, don. to mus., 133. Guerin-Meneville, M., don. to lib. 196. Haidinger, William, don. to lib., 302, 303,304. Haldeman, Prof. S. S.,don. to lib., 232 ; Entomological Report by, 5. Halloweil, Dr. E., don. to lib., 17. Hare, Prof. Robert, don. to lib., 136. Hartman, Dr. Wm. D., don. to mus.j 159. Harback, Mr., don. to mus., 160. Harvard College, don. to lib., 360. Harris, Edward, don. to mus., 61. Hazard, Jos. P., on the Rocky Moun- tain Swallow, 141. Heister, Dr. J. P., don. to mus., 191, 229. Hembel, Wm., don. to mus., 256; de- cease of announced, 212. Heerman, Dr. A. L., don. to mus., 37, 38, 71. Henry, Dr. C. T., don. to mus., 133. Herrick, E. C, don. to lib., 257. Herklots, J. A., don. to lib. 301. Hist. Nat. de I'lle de Cuba, don. of by a club of members, 164. Hirst, Henry B.,don. to mus., 61. Hooker, John, don. to mus., 191. Hooper, Dr. John, don. to mus., 230. Horner, Prof. Wm. E., don. to mus., 297; case of Nigrities, 211; case of lethargy from carbonic acid gas, 276 ; on adipocire and human remains from a cemetery 100 years old, 324. Horner, Dr. G. R. B., don. to mus., 100 ; don. tolib., 166. VI. INDEX. Hopkinson, Dr. J., don. to mus., 191. Hough, Dr. Franklin J3., don. to mus., 72. Hull, Mrs., don. to mus., 37. Hutton, William, don. to mus., 229. Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos- cow, don. to lib., 257, 300. Jamieson, Capt., don. to mus., 297. Jardine, Sir Wm., don. to lib. 135. Jay, Dr. John C, don to lib., 136. Johnson, Dr. Wm. P., don. to mus., 38. Johnson, Prof. W. R., don. to lib., 39, 47, 51, 77. Jones, Joseph, don. to mus., 159. Jones, Dr. Wm. L.,don. to mus., 61. Journal of Indian Archipelago, &c., don. of by Editor, 39, 78, 113, 135, liJ2, 196, 256, .301, Kane, Dr. E. K., don. to mus., 298, 357. Kaup. Dr. J. J., don. to lib., 301. Kern, E. H., don. to mus., 297. Kilvington, Robert, don. to mus., 14, exhibition by of Australian plants, 81. Lacordaire, M. Th., don. to lib., IS. Lambert, John, don. to mus., 71; don. to lib., 16. Lankaster, Dr. E., don. to lib., 198. Lasbury, Mr., don. to lib., 76. Land, Capt. John, don. to mus., 107. Lea, Isaac, don. to mus., 191, 229, 255, 297, 298, 357 ; don. to lib., 3.58, 361 ; on the fossil locality in Lehigh Co., Penn., 171,173,205; on a new lo- cality for Zircon, 211 ; Necrological notice of Richard C. Taylor, 290; on the Wave Theory, 261 ; on the genus Acostaja d'Orbigny, 277. Le Conte, Dr. John L., don. to mns., 298, 358; don. to lib., 362; on some fossils from California, 261 ; synopsis of the species of Donacia of the U. States, 310; Zoological Notes, 316; Synopsis of the Lampyrides of tem- perate North America, 331. Leeds Literary and Philosoph. Soc, don. to lib., 18,40,250. Leidy, Dr. Joseph, don. to mus., 13; don. to lib., 16, 17, 40, 41, 134, 160, 162, 196 ; on Entopliyta in the bodies of animals, 7, 8; on crystalline bo- dies in the tissues of plants, 32 ; on new Entophyta, 35 ; on Eucrotaphus Jacksoni and Arch.Totherium Mor- toni, 90: Contributions to Helmin- thology. Off, 205, 224, 239, 284, 349 ; development of the Gordius aquati- cus, 98; en two new species of infu- sorial Kntozoa, 98; on some Nema- toid Entozoa infesting insects, 100; description of three Filarise, 117; on Rhinoceros occidentalis, 119 ; on the nettling organs of the hydra, 119; on some fossils from Missouri, 121 : on new genera of Vermes, 124 ; on some fossils from Big-bone Lick, Kentucky, 140 : new species of Entozoa, 155 ; on some fragments of Palaeotherium Proutii, 170 ; on a fossil tortoise from Nebraska, 172, 173 ; on the trans- plantation of animal tissues, 201 ; on fungus growth in the mole-cricket, 20-1, 210; on the introduction of can- cerous matter into the integument of the frog, 212; on fungus disease in Cicada septendecim, 235; on some iossil ruminants from Nebraska, 237 ; on the genus Pluniatella, 261 ; on the Gordiaceae, 262, 275 ; on Cristatella, 265; on Oieodon robustum, 276 ; on some fossils from Nebraska, 278; on Spongilla fragilis, 278; on Crocodilus antiquus, 307 ; on two fossil species of Balffina, 308 ; on some American Fresh-water Polyzoa, 320 ; on various fossil reptilian and mammalian re- mains, 325 ; on some fossils from the green sand of New Jersey, 329 ; on two species of Ibssil Rhinoceros from Nebraska, 331. Letters Irom Individuals: Baird, Prof. S. F., 1. Becker, T. J., 8. Berlandier, Dr. Louis, 110. Browne, Peter A., 53. Burtt, Dr. J. L., 308. Chipman. Isaac, 307. Cresson, Elliott, 21. Deane, James, 30, 33. Dewey, H. Bond, 145. Drinker, Sandwith, 1. Evans, Dr. John, 123, 139. Executcrs ol Dr. A. Biiiney. 261. Gliddon, George R., 130. Gossler, J. S., 172. Graham, Col. J. D., 81. Grex, J. A., 90. Haidinger, Wm., 205. Harris,^ A. C, 83. Henry, Dr. T. C, 121. Hooper, ,Fohn, 173, 211. Hough, Dr. F. B., 66. INDEX. Yll. Hyrtl, Dr. Joseph, 236. Jarvis, N. S., 148. Kane, Dr. E. K., 323. Kiiibertr, J. G. H., 14J. King, Dr. A. T., 170. Leasure, Dr. D., 329. Lecoq, H., 8. Macleay, J. Sharpe, b3. Malherbe, M. Alfred, 66. Maximilian, Prince de Wied, 22. Mason, Rev. Francis, 2U1. Morton, Mrs. Rebecca, 323. Nillson, Prof. S. V., 119. Owen, Dr. D. D., 81. Ord, George, 83. Ravenel, H. W., 21. Richardson, J. M., 1. Scheiley, Dr. Joel Y., 53. Shephard, Prof., 140, 144. Taylor, Mrs. Emily, 323. Tovvson, Wm. H., 307. Tovvnseud, Mrs. Charlotte, 261. Troschel, Dr. F. H., 69, 235. Vattemare, Alexander, 307. Von den Hucb, M., 117. Wilson, Edward, 117, 210, 211. Woods, D. B., 55. Yeatman, Thomas E., 235. Letters from Societies, &c. : Acad. C. L. C. Nat. Curios., 34, 172, 201. Amer. Acad, of Arts, &c., 21. Amer. Philosoph. Soc, 21, 121. Asiatic Society of Bengal, 149, 1G9, 203, 309. British Museum, 4, 65, 169, 211,236, 307. Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., 307. Geological Society of London, 33, 84, 275. Historical Soc. of Penna., 169. Imperial Soc. of Naturalists of Mos- cow, 235, 264. Listitute Royale des Sci. des Pays- Bas, 34. Linnean Soc. of London, 4, 235, 266. Linnean Soc. of Lyons, 90. Lyceum Nat. Hist, of New York, 30, 83. National Institute, Washington, 4. National Acad, of Sci. of Lyons, 89. New York State Library, 123, 211, 261, 307. Royal Acad, of Sci. of Stockholm, 323. Royal Acad, of Sci. of Madrid, 323. Royal Soc. of London, 56, 117,202. Royal Soc. of Copenhagen, 65, 23G. Royal Soc. of Van Diemen's Land, 34. Royal Soc. of Agriculture, &c., of Lyons, S9, 210. Scandinavian Scientific Association, 145. Smithsonian Institution, 81, 123, 169. Zoological Soc. of London, 34. Lewis, Dr. J2. J., don. to mus., 133. Lewis, Dr. F. W., don. to mus., 357. Librarian, Report of for 1850, 127 ; do. for 1851, 352 ; announcement by of the donation by members of a portrait of Dr. S. G. Morton, 211. Library Committee, Report by, 205. Linnean Soc. of London, don. to lib., 256, 301. Linnean Soc. of Lyons, don. to lib., 113. Linklaen Ledyard, don. to mus. 100. Linnard Major, don. to mus., 133. Lippincott Joshua, don. to mus., 357. Liverpool Lit. and Philos. Soc, don. to lib. 135. Liverpool Royal Institution, don. to lib. 76. London Philos. Journal, don. of by Edi- tors, 231. London Institution, don. to lib., 51. Lonsdale William, don. to lib., 301 . Lyceum of Nat. Hist, of New York, don. "to lib., 16, 198, 301, 362. Maslin, Mr. M., don. to mus., 255. Mantell, G. A., don. to lib., 134, 135, 136. Malherbe, M. Alfred, don. to lib., IS, 136. Maximilian, Prince de Wied, don. to lib., 134. McAndrew, Mr. don. to mus. 255. McCartee, Dr. D. B., don. to mus., 38. McCall, Col. Geo. A., don. to mus., 229; on the habits &c., of the Birds of Western Texas and New Mexico, 213. McClellan, Dr. J. H. B., don. to mus., 133. McGuire, J. C, don. to mus., 191. Mcllvaine, John, don. to mus., IGO. McPherson, A. N., don. to mus., 357. McMichael,Capt.Wm.,don. to mus., 38. xMeigs, Prof. C. D., don. to mus., 13, 133, 255, 358; resolutions by in rela- tion to decease of Dr. Mor*on, 20,'; ; chosen to prepare a biograph. mem. of Dr. Morton, 205 ; memoir of Dr. Morton read by, 305. Memorial to Legislature of Penn. in re- lation to geological survey of the State, 172. Members elected : Allen, William H., 254. Biddle, Clement, Jr., 54. viu. INDEX. Brinton, John H. 227. Buck, Francis N., 4. Buitt, Dr. J. L. 2'J6. Caldcleugh, Robert A, 323. Fisher, Dr. JannesC, 06. Fox, Samuel M., 11. Jordan, John, Jr., 144. Langstroth, Rev. L. L., 275. Lennig, Francis, 236. Patton, Rev. John, 300. Rand, Dr. B. Howard, 144. Remington, Richard P., 118. Rosengarten, Samuel G., 54. Sherman, Dr. Wm. L., 296. Smith, Aubrey H., S3. Smith, Charles E., 227. Wheatley, Charles M., 30. Wister, Dr. Caspar, 227. Mercantile Lib. Assoc, of New York, don. to lib., 196. Metternich, Prince, don. to lib., 304. Mitchell, Prof. J. K., don. to mus.,230. Mitchell, Dr. J. Wier, don. to mus., 357. Miller, Edward, don. to mus. 357. Morris, Miss E. C, don. to mus., 61. Morris, F. O., don. to lib., 137. Morton, Dr. S. G., don. to lib., 10, 18, 51, 72, 79, 109, 134, 135, 100, 190 ; dep. in mus., 107, 100, 191,220; con- tinuation of memoir on size of brain in the races of man, 1, 2, 30, 33 ; on the conformation of the Egyptian cranium, 4 ; announcement by of de- cease of Dr. Gerard Troost, 70 ; re- marks on the term "species," 81 ; on Mr. Layard's plates of the camel and dromedary from ruins of Ninevah, 84: on the antiquity of some races of dogs, 85; on embalmed Egyptian crania, 122 ; on the races of dojjs, 139 : on the cranium of a Dijak, 146; announce- ment by of decease of J. J. Audubon, 146; on the cranium of the mummy dissected by George R. Gliddon, 170 ; on the infrequency of mixed European and Australian races, 173. Moultrie, Dr. James, don to lib., 361. Moss, Theodore F., don. to mus., 01, 71 ; don. to lib., 50, 63; description of a new Carpolite from Arkansas, 59. Nash, Robert H., don. to mus., 298. National Institute, don. to lib., 190. Neill, Dr. John, don. to mus., 107. Netherlands Institute of Science, don. to lib., 51. Newport, George, don. to lib., 301. New York State Library, Trustees of, don. to lib., 18, 40, 191, 301. Norris, J. Parker, don. to mus., 72. Officers for 1851, 132; for 1852, 350. Oiiden, David, don. to mus., 133. Ord, George, don. to lib., 100, 165, 106 232, 30f ; portrait of received, 201 resolution by, in relation to decease of Wm. Hembel, 213. Owen, Dr. D. D., on the fossils from the " mauvaises terres" of Missouri, 66, 328. Owen, Prof. Richard, don. to lib., 76. Palaeontographical Society, don to lib., 301. Pearsall, Robert, don to lib., 192. Pennsylvania Farm Journal, don. of, by editors, 250, 299, 302, 300, 302. Philadelphia Museum, don. to lib., 61. Piddington, Henry, don. to lib., 113. Powel, Col. J. Hare, don. to lib., 302. Powel, Samuel, don. to mus., 159, 229, 230, 255 ; don. to lib., 302 ; dep. in lib , 198. Powel, J. Hare, Jr., don. to mus., 191. Potier, M., don. to lib., 301. Procter, Wm., Jr., don to mus., 133. Publication Committee of Acad. Nat. Sci. don. to lib., 17, 135; announce- ment by, of publication of part 4, vol. 1, new series of Journal; do. of part 1, vol. 2, do. Rand, Dr. B. H., don. to mus., 229, 298. Ransome, George, don. to lib., 198. Ravenel, H. W., don. to mus. 37; don. to lib., 41. Recording Secretary, report of, for 1850, 142. Regents of Univ. of State of New York, don. to lib., 39,02,301. Redfield, J. H., don. to lib., 74, 160. Reeve, Lovell, don. to lib., 250. Retzius, Prof. A., don. to lib., 300. Report of Committee on Mr. Conrad's new Eocene fossils, 4 ; on Mr. P. A. Brown's paper on the hair of the Orni- thorynchus paradoxus, 30; on Dr. Lei- dy's new American Annelida abran- chia, 30 ; on Drs. Owen and Shumard's new species of crinoidea from Iowa, 69, 235 : on Mr. Deane's fossil foot-prints of the Connecticut river, 96, on Dr. To wnsend's description of Lupus gigas 96 ; on Mr. R. C. Taylor's notes of a geological reconnoisance of the auri- ferous porphyry region next the Ca- INDEX. IX. ribbean Sea, in the Province of Vera- guas and Isthmus of Panama, 142 ; on Dr. Woodhouse's description ol' Canis frustror, 147; on Dr. Berlandier's communication on Mexican wolves, 156 ; on Dr. Le Conte's paper on the lon^icorn coleoptera of America north of Mexico, 266, 351; on Mr. Lea's pa- per on the genus Acostrea, 278; on Mr. Cassin's catalogue of Caprimuigidce in the Acad. Nat. Sci., 278; on Dr. Leidy's new species of fossil Croco- dile, 310. Report of Committee appointed to su- perintend alterations in room adjoin- ing the Library, 54 ; of committee on a proposal from the Historical Socie- ty of Pennsylvania, 205; of commit- tee on the expediency of enlarging the Hall of Academy, 351. Report of Entomological committee for 1849, 5; of Conchological committee, on a proposal of Mr. Lecoq, 9; of Zoological committee on a proposed scientific expedition to Africa, 22. Resolutions: to rescind resolution pass- ed Jime 29, 1817, in relation to sub- scription to Proceedings, 4 ; to pre- sent vol. 1, new series, of Journal, to the Royal Hist, and Geog. Soc. of Rio Janeiro, 4 ; in relation to admission of visitors to museum, 11; to present to the American Academy certain nos. of 1st series of Journal, 22; to ex- change with the Royal Soc. of Van Diemen's Land, 34 ; to present 8th vol. of 1st ser. of Journal to H. E. Strickland, Esq., 34 ; of thanks to Dr. Joel Y. Shelley, 53 ; of thanks to H. Bond Dewey, Esq., 54 ; in relation to decease of Ale.x. Maclure, 54 : in re- lation to decease of Dr. Wm. Gambel, 55 i in relation to decease of Dr. R. E. Griffith, 65; to present a copy of the Proceedings to the Agricultural Soc. of Lyons, 84; to solicit an ap- propriation from U. S. Government towards an expedition to Missouri and Oregon, 139; in relation to decease of John J. Audubon, 146 ; in relation to decease of Dr. J. K. Townsend, 169; to authorize the Treasurer to receive amount of Mrs. Stott's legacy from the executors, 169 ; in relation to the portrait of Mr. George Ord, 170; of thanks to Mr. Ord for his portrait, 203; in relation to decease of Dr. S. G. Morton, 203, in relation to decease of Wm. Hembel, 213; to confer on widows of certain deceased members the privilege of endorsing tickets of admission to museum, 235 ; appoint- ing a member to prepare a " Notice of the Academy," 275 ; inviting stu- dents in the Medical Colleges of Phila- delphia to visit the Museum, 276 ; to entitle certain contributors to the museum and library to a ticket of ad- mission to the museum for six mos., 277 ; in relation to Dr. Meigs' memoir of Dr. Morton, 309; of thanks to Dr. E. K. Kane, 310; to appoint a com- mittee to inquire into the expediency of enlarging the Hall, 322 ; conferring the right of endorsing tickets of ad- mission to museum on Mrs. Emily Taylor, 322 ; of thanks to Mons. De- mers, 328 ; precluding the lending of keys of entrance to the Hall, toothers than members or correspondents, 356. Roberts, E. W., don. to mus., 61. Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid, don, to lib.. 361. Royal Acad, of Sciences of Stockholm, don. to lib., 361. Royal Agricultural Soc. of Lyons, don. to lib., 113, 232. Royal Soc. of Van Diemen's Land, don. to mus., 38; don. to lib., 51. Royal Institution of Great Britain, don. to lib., 137. Ruschenberger, Dr. W. S. W., don. to mus., 191 ; don. to lib. 46 ; appointed to prepare a " Notice of the Acade- my," 275. Say, Mrs. Lucy W., don. to lib., 134, 232. Sergeant, J. Dickinson, memorial by, 54; don. to mus., 229. Schellinger, D. M., don. to mus., 298. Seal, Theodore F., don. to mus., 13, 107. Sherman, Dr. Wm., don. to mus., 297. Shaffirt, F.,don to mus., 61. Shelley, Dr. Joel Y., don. to mus. 61. Sheppard, Prof., don. to mus., 159. Silliman's Journal, don. of, by editors, 18, 41, 62, 109, 135, 164, 192, 230, 300, 358. Sims, H. H., don. to mus., 297. Smith, Charles E., don. to mus., 357. Smith, G. K., don. to mus., 14. Smith, Aubrey H., don. to mus., 256. Smithsonian Institution, don. to mus., 298, 357 ; don. to lib., 160. 257. Southwark Library Company, don. to mus., 159, 191. Stimpson, William, don. to lib., 362. Stewardson, Dr. T., don. to mus., 358. X. INDEX. Strickiaml, 11. E., tioti. lo rims., '.il ; lion, to lib., 51, 70, l;i.'3, l'J2, I'JG, 25f;, ;il)l. Swiss Nat. Hist. Soc.j don to lib., 198. Taylor, RicharrI C, don. to mus., !^p8; (ion. to lib., 29S ; meterolog. observa- tions made at the Isthmus of Panama, &c., 91. Taylor, Frederick, don. to mus., 133. Thompson, VVni., don. to lib., 79. Tovvnsend, Dr. J. Iv., don. to mus., 13, 107 ; life membership conferred on, 30. Trautvvine, J. C, don. to mus., 159, 297. Treasurer of the Academy, announce- ment by, ot receipt of Mrs. Stott's legacy, 190. Troschel, Dr., don. by, of Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 77, 256. Tuckerman, K., don. to lib., 192. Turnbull, Dr. L., don. to lib., 192. U. S. Departments, don. to lib., 41, 192, 232, 302, 3G0, 3G1. Vaux, Wm. S., don. to mus., 191, 229 297, 357, 358; don. to lib., 40; de- cease of Dr. R. E. Griffith announced by, G5. Verreaux, M. Edouard,don. to mus., 37. Verreaux, M. Jules, don. to mus., 71, 133; don. to lib., 137. Ward, Wm., don to. mus,, 358. ^Vatprhouse, Geo. R., don. to lib., 70. Watson, Dr. Gavin, don. to mus., 107, 133, 15y, 191,255. Warwick, Mr., don. to mus., 71. Western Journal of Agriculture, don. of by editors, 15. Wetherill, J. Price, don. to mus., 297, 358; announcement by, of decease of Dr. Morton, 203. Wilson, Dr. Thomas B., don. to mus. 13, 11, 38, 39, 61, 72, 107, 133. 159, 297, 357; don. to lib., 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 4S, 49, 50, 51, 52, 62, 63, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 134, 135, 136, 162, 166, 192, 194, 230,232,256,257, 298, 301, 302, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362. Wilson, Edward, don. to mus., 133, 255, 297, 357, .362; don. to lib., 77, 135, 137, 138, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 1G6, 167, 1G8, 192,193,194, 19.^, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 230, 231,257, 258, 259, 299, 300, 301, 305. Wilson. E. T. & C. W., don. to mus. 71, 255. Wood, Prof. Geo. B., don. to mus., 133. Wood, Geo. B., don. to mus., 37. Wood, Win., don. to lib., 7G. Wood, Wm., don. to mus., 71, 100,256, 296. Woodhouse, Dr. S. W., on the North American Jackal, Canis frustror, 147. Yorkshire Philosoph. Soc, don. to lib., 76. Zantzinger, Dr. Wm. S., don. to mus., 256 ; announcement by, of decease of Wm.Hembel, 212. Zeublin, Mr., don. to mus., 160. Zoological Soc. of London, don to lib., 51,'ll3, 196. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. January 1, 1850. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read, dated New York, December, 184.9, accompanying the donation made this evening of the Python, from Mr. Sandwith Drinker, of Hong Kong, China. Also a letter from Mr. J. M. Richardson, of London, dated November 30, 1849, desiring information of a mode of transmitting to the Academy certain Nos. of the Journal of the Indian Archipelago. Dr. Morton, havino; resigned the Chair to Mr. Ashmead, read a continuation of his Memoir on the size of the Brain in the various races and families of Man ; which was referred to the Committee on the previous portions of the paper. A communication was read from Prof. Spencer F. Baird, Corres- pondent of the Academy, dated December 21, 1849. desiring to be considered as a Member from that date. January \^th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Dr. Morton read a continuation of his paper on the size of the Brain in the various races of Man, which was referred to the Com- mittee on the previous portions. He then followed with some remarks on the volume of the brain in the savage tribes, which he stated to be greater than in the half civilized races of Mexico and Peru. He mentioned some facts proving the antiquity of the characteristics of the several groups of the human race, and exhibited some plates from the forthcoming work of Dr. Lepsius, representing purely Egyptian forms copied from bas-reliefs in tombs at the base of the great Pyramid, dating back 34-00 years before Christ. Also some copies of pictures in temples more than 2000 years later, still exhibiting the same well marked characters of PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF I'HII.ADELPHIA. VOL. V. NO. I. 1 2 [Jan. the race : the greater the antiquity, the more decided were these characters. Dr. Morton thought that it would be now admitted that at the earliest period known, the groups of the human family presented as great diversity as at present. The Egyptian crania in his collection, taken from the identical tombs referred to, at the base of the great Pyramid, as well as those from Thebes and Memphis, when compared with the figures in Dr. Lepsius' plates, exhibited a most marked resem- blance. The Egyptian tombs, although occupied by successive families, still contained the original occupants, and in all places presented skulls possessing the same peculiarities of type. The modern Egyptian Fellahs are the old Egyptians crossed with the Arabs. The skull of the old Egyptian cannot be confounded with that of any other race. January 22d. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Mr. Conrad read a paper, intended for publication in the Journal, entitled, " Descriptions of eight new species of Eocene Shells." Re- ferred to Mr. Phillips, Dr. Griffith and Dr. Wilson. A paper by Mr. Peter A. Browne, entitled " Examination and descriptions of the tegumentary appendages of the Ornithorynchus paradoxus," was read and referred to Mr. Phillips, Dr. Morton and Mr. Cassin, Dr. Morton havino; resisined the Chair to Dr. Ruschenberser, made some remarks supplementary to those offered at the last meeting, and also in continuation of the subject of his Memoir on the size of the Brain in Man. January 29th. Mr. Phillips in the Chair. The Publication Committee announced that Part 4, Vol. 1, New Series of the Journal, would be ready for distribution at the next meeting, February 5th, 1850. The Society, after the transaction of some other business, then pro- ceeded to an election for Standing Committees for the ensuing year, with the following result : COMMITTEES FOR 1850. Ethnology. S. G. Morton, J. S. Phillips, Charles Pickering. Comparative Jlnato7ny and General Zoology. Joseph Leidy, S. G. Morton, Edward Hallowell. iS.oO.l MamMulogy. J. S. Phillips, Joseph Leidy, Samuel W. Woodhouse. Ornithology. Edward Harris, John Cassin, John K. Townsend. Herpetology and Ichthyology. E. Hallowell, ' R. E. Griffith, John Cooke. Conchology. R. E. Griffith, T. A. Conrad, Henry C. Lea. Entomology and Crustacea. S. S. Haldeman, R. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinsier. Botany. R. Bridges, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Gavin Watson. Palceontology. T. A, Conrad, Richard C. Taylor, Thomas B. Wilson. Geology and Mineralogy. J. Price Wetherill, Samuel Ashmead, Wm. S. Vaux. Physics. Thomas C. Percival, Samuel Powel, Robert Kilvington. Library. Robert Bridges, Thomas B. Wilson, John Lambert. Committee on Proceedings. S. G. Morton, Wm. S. Zantzinger, Joseph Leidy. The Treasurer of the Publication Committee read the Annual Report, which was adopted. The Auditors reported that the Treasurer's account for 1849 had been examined by them, and found correct. The Committee to which was referred Mr. Conrad's paper, describ- 4 [Feb. iiig eight new species of Eocene fossils, reported in favor of its publi- cation in the Journal. The following resolution, offered by Dr. Bridges, was adopted : Resolved, That the resolution, passed June 29th, 184-7, allowing the Publication Committee to supply subscribers to the Journal with the Proceedings gratis, be rescinded. On motion of Air. Vaux, it was Resolved, That the Publication Committee be authorised to present Vol. 1, New Series of the Journal, to the Royal Historical and Geo- graphical Society of Rio Janeiro. ELECTION. Francis N. Euck, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member; and the Chevalier Manoel Ferreira Lagos, of Rio Janeiro, was elected a Correspondent of the Academy. February 5th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Letters were read : From the Secretary of the Linnean Society, of London, acknow- ledging the receipt of Part 3, Vol. 1, New Series of the Journal. From the Principal Librarian of the British Museum, returning acknowledgments for Nos. 9 and 10, Vol. 4, of the Proceedings. From the Corresponding Secretary of the National Institute at Washington, acknowledging the receipt of Nos. 9, 10, and 11, Vol. 4, of Proceedings. Dr. Morton, in confirmation of some remarks made on several pre- vious occasions, on the characteristic conformation of the Egyptian cranium, exhibited several skulls from his collection, taken from tombs dating upwards of 3000 years before the Christian Era. These skulls shovved a remarkable delicacy of structure of the whole cranio-facial region ; the cranium being of an elongated oval form, the facial angle averaging 78, and the internal capacity 80 cubic inches; in the last respect corresponding to the modern Fellah of the Nile, The expression of the bones of the face of the ancient Egyptian is neither European nor Asiatic, but peculiar, S2d generis. The Arab- Eo'vptian, or Fellah of the present day, is the Arab engrafted on the Ancient Egyptian, and dates from the sixth century of our Era. All the Coptic heads of the present period have some negro characters : they are those of the population of the towns which are notoriously licentious. The Fellahs, or rural population, are free from this taint. 1850.] 5 February 12th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Dr. Leidy read the followinf^, being a report by Prof. Haldeman, Chairman of the Committee on Entomology, oa the progress of that science during the past year. Report on the Progress of Entomology in the United States daring the year 1849. By S. S. Haldeman. Whilst the progress of Entomology during the year 1849 has been sufficiently encouraging, it cannot be doubted that it would advance more rapidly if there were one or more general works upon the subject, adapted to this country. The student is now retarded either by the extent of the subject, or because he cannot consult standard collections, works, or figures of American genera and species; whilst such as have passed through the preliminary difficulties, generally prefer original research to the preparation of works which partake in some degree of the nature of compilations ; and on account of the expense of figures, authors usually limit them to their own discoveries. Another cause which retards the natural sciences in general, in a country where the amount of material to be investigated is extensive, is the want of instruction in them in our educational institutions, in but few of which their claims to a place among the sciences are acknowledged. Such causes tend to limit the number of observers, and must be taken into consideration in estimating the condition of certain sciences in this country. 1. J. L. LeConte M.D. Sy7iopsis of the Coleopterous Insects of the group Cleridae which inhabit the United States. 28 pages 8vo. Annals of the Lyceum of N. Y. This synopsis, besides a full synonymy, contains the characters of ten new species. Many of the American species are figured in a very neat and beautiful style in Spinola's Essai monographique sur les Clerites, the last work of this active entomologist. 2. Dr. LeConte has also produced a Catalogue of Coleoptem, including diag- noses of a considerable number of new species, collected in a journey to Lake Superior with Prof. Agassiz and his companions. On the point of publication. 3. On the Pselaphidae of the United States. Bost. J. nat. hist. 1849. vol. 6. p. 64110, 4. General Remarks on the Coleoptera of Lake Superior. In Agassiz Excursion. P. 201 242. 8vo. 5. S. S. Halueman. Cryptocephaliiianim, Boreal i-aniei-icae diagnoses, etc. J. Acad. nat. sci. 1,245. 20 pages 4to. The synonymy and full descriptions of the species known to the author are given. Short diagnoses of the 24 new species are given in the Proceed. AcaJ. for April, 1849; 4,170. 6. JVew llymeiioptera of the genera Ampulex, Sigalphus, Chelonus , and Dorylus. Pr. Acad. 4,203. 7. On the larva of Physocoeliis inflatusJ.X)pj. (Helops contractus Mels. 1846. Pr. Ac. 3,61. H. contractus Beauv. H. striatus Oliv.?) Read before the 6 [Feb. Am, Assoc, of the proceedings of which various reports were made. This larva in much like that of Tenebrio, but the mandibles differ somewhat, and the anal segment is truncated in a slope, the surface of the truncation being cupshaped. 8. History of Phalangopsis, a genus of Orthoptera, with three new species, two of which form a subgenus. Am. Assoc. 9. M. A.MoERiswho has carefully studied the genus Cecidomyia, has announced a new species (Pr. Acad. 4,194) named C. culmicola, from its habit of living within the stem of the grain. 10. J. W, Dawson Esqr. of Pictou, Novascotia, has announced the appearance of the European Cecidomyia tritici in that province. Pr. Acad. 4,210. 11. T. S. Savage M.D. has given some valuable details (Pr. Acad. 4,194) relative to the economy of the driver ants of Africa, hitherto regarded as a dis- tinct genus under the name of Anomma ; but the observations of Dr. S. show that they are neuters of the genus Dorylus. 12. The same observer furnishes a full account of the habits of Termes fatalis, extending to ten closely printed pages. Pr. Acad. 4,211. 13. Jos. Leidy M.D. has an anatomical paper on the odoriferous glands in the Invertebrata, illustrated with a plate. Pr. Acad. 4,234. 14. The same author has a paper on Entophyta, and new Entozoa, in the Articulata. id. 15. Prof. L, Agassiz announced at the last meeting of the American Associa- tion that the respiratory tracheae of insects terminate in an enlargement or sac which maybe considered minute lungs. The circulatory or fluid-bearing tracheae terminate in minute threads. 16. Asa Fitch M.D. The second Annual Report of the Regents of the univer- sity of N. Y. on the condition of the State cabinet of Natural history (Albany, 1849) contains a catalogue by Dr Fitch, of about 350 species of insects, mostly Coleoptera, intended to form the nucleus of a collection in a department which had been previously neglected in forming the cabinet, and preparing the zoology of the State. 17. During the year, Ecotwmic entomology has been enriched by the discovery by Miss Morris, of a new destroyer of the peach tree, which proves to be the Tomicics liminaris of Say. It wounds the bark by boring through it and feeding upon the living portion. I have found another bark borer {Hylesinus aculeatus Say) feeding upon the inner living bark of the white ash, Fraxinus acuminata. Miss Morris has communicated to me a curculionid, the Baris tripicnctatus of Say, which a friend of hers discovered to be one of the destroyers of the potato, in the stem of which the larva bores passages and undergoes its transformations. The Crustacea have been enriched during the past year by the elaborate and valuable papers of Prof. Dana. 18. J.D.Dana. Syjiopsis of the family Gammaracea, Am. J. Sci. 8,135 140 (and 428) including characters of the families, subfamilies and genera. Five new genera are given. 19. Conspectus Cr^istaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum Circumnaviga- tione, Carolo Wilkes e Classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce, lexit et descripsit Jacobus D. Dana. Proceed. Am. Acad. Boston 1,150 154, and 2,9 61. Am. J. Sci. 8,276 285. This paper contains a revision of the generic characters of 1850.] 7 the Entomostraca, and includes 18 new genera and the names of 183 new species, to be published in the volumes of the Exploring expedition. The continuation, Am. J. Sci. 8,424 428, is devoted to the Isopoda and contains five new genera and characters of eleven new species. 20. L. R. GiBBEs. Tuomey's Report on the Geology of South Carolina, Columbia, 1848 (distributed in 1849) contains a "Catalogue of the Fauna of South Carolina " in which there is an excellent catalogue of the Crustacea by Prof. Gibbes of Charleston. A paper was read from I\Ir. Conrad, describing new species of fresh water shells from Arkansas and from Australia, and referred to a com- mittee, consisting of Mr. Phillips, Dr. Wilson and Dr. Griffith. Dr. Leidy offered the following remarks: Dr. Leidy stated it was now eighteen months since he had sought for Entophyta within living animals, having been previously impressed with the belief of their existence upon reflecting upon the essential conditions of life. Four months since he exhibited to the Academy numerous drawings, and specimens of ento- phyta obtained from living animals ; he now exhibited others. The essential conditions of Life are five in number, viz., a germ, nutritive matter, air, water, and heat. The four latter undoubtedly exist in the interior of living animals, animal or entozoa germs also are well known to exist, and it was rendered extremely probable that vegetable germs would also exist, and with them all the conditions necessary to vegetable growth. Plants have been very frequently observed growing upon the exterior of animals and less frequently upon the interior, most usually upon diseased surfaces, but the growth of such parasites had not been pointed out as a normal and common condition as in the case of entozoa. Dr. L. next reviewed the theory of generation. He inclines to the opinion that sexual elements are absolutely necessary for the perpetuation of germs. He considers the alternation of generation in certain animals no objection to the law, for after successive developments an admixture of the sexual elements is observed to be necessary. The reproduction among Cryptogamia may probably often exhibit phenomena analogous to the alternation of generation of animals, but universally he thinks it will be discovered that a true sexual admixture takes place in every species of these plants at some period of their life. According to the observations of Schimper it is necessary among the mosses. From an observation made by Klencke, upon a fungus which grew upon a diseased surface. Dr. L. thinks that sexual admixture would be discovered to take place in the mycelium. In nume- rous instances it had been observed among the Algae. He stated he thought he had noticed the process in Achyla prolifera, and gave a description of the pheno- mena. He finally considers that science is on the eve of demonstrating the existence of a law "that an admixture of sexual elements is necessary for the perpetuation of specific life germs." He then exhibited numerous elaborate drawings of new entophyta observed growing in the ventriculus of Passalus cornutus, a remarkable one growing in a honey-like liquid in the proventriculus of the larva of Arctia Isabella, another 8 [Feb. from Acheta abbreviata, etc. He remarked that when such plants were found in animals they were usually very abundant. Dr. L. then stated that very slight modifications in the five essential conditions of life were siiUlcient to produce the vast variety of living beings upon the globe. As an instance, he mentioned he had lying upon his table a saucer with a cork bottom, in which lay a partly dissected Passalus cornutus half immersed in water. Two days afterwards he noticed upon the part of the insect above the water a quantity of Mucor mucedo? growing, and from the part within the water nume- rous fine, stiff filaments, which upon examination proved to be Achyla prolifera; upon the cork around th'e insect grew a third genus, consisting of fine cottony filaments, which were articulated, of which he exhibited a drawing; and upon the insect at the surface of the water, but not within the latter, grew a fourth genus, of which he also exhibited a drawing. He also stated he had had the jood fortune of observing in a single morning all the stages of development of Achyla prolifera growing from some individuals of Ascarides which had been lying in a dish of water for a few days. In reply to some remarks made by members. Dr. Leidysaid he could not admit the doctrine of spontaneous generation, but rather thought modifications in the essential conditions of life favorable to the development of different, and always pre-existing germs derived from a parent. February 19th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from Mr. J.T. Becker, dated Paris, 10th December, 184-9, proposing exchanges with the Academy in Entomology. Referred to the Committee on Entomology. Also a letter from H. Lecog, dated Clermon-ferrand, January 10, 18.50, proposing exchanges in Conchology with the Academy, or with individual members of the Society. Referred to the Committee on Conchology. Dr. Leidy offered the following observations : Dr. Leidy presented to the examination of the Society a colored and several other drawings of what he termed an entophytic forest, taken from a portion of the mucous membrane of the ventriculus of Passalus cornutus. He remarked that at least six species of entophyta were found growing upon the mucous mem- brane of the ventriculus of P. coinutus, which were often present in great quan- tity, frequently some thousands, and which from their number, polymorphous appearance of several species, and attachment to various appendages of the mucous membrane, resembled very strikingly a miniature Brazilian forest, which was heightened in some degree by the existence of a nematoid worm, which recalled to mind the idea of one of the serpents of such a forest. A somewhat similar drawing he exhibited, taken from the small intestine of Julus marginatus. Other drawings were also presented. Dr. L. stated that among his collection of living Julides. he had a number of times observed individuals to become dull 1850.] 9 in color, and become almost motionless, which phenomena were followed by the death of the animal. It occurred to him that, in such a state, there might be exhibited some change in the character of its entophyta, as usually found in the active condition of the animal. Upon removing the intestine of an individual which had just died, he noticed that the entozoa which usually occupied the small intestine, had passed into the rectum, and upon the surface of the mucous mem- brane of the former, was developed a new plant. This is an oblate spheroidal body, white in color, translucent, embossed upon the surface, and presenting, when viewed by transmitted light, some resemblance to a minute bleached shell of an Echinus ; by reflected light, it resembled a minute, white Lycoperdon. This plant was strewed all over the mucous membrane, but grew in greatest quantity along the course of filaments of Enterobrus, which appeared attached to the mucous membrane throughout their length by it. When compressed it opened, and spread into several leaf-like segments, and exuded a clear fluid with faint granules. He thought that probably this plant might be another stage in the existence of Enterobrus, for in the large number of individuals of Julus which he had examined, upwards of 130, although he had observed the development of Enterobrus from spore-like bodies, even to the formation of what he supposed to be the sporangia, yet he had never been able to detect the formation of spores, and when he saw this new plant enveloping the Enterobrus filaments, he sus- pected that there might be a phenomenon here presented analogous to the alter- nation of generation in certain animals, but had not yet satisfied himself that such was the case. He also stated he had discovered a fourth species of Enterobrus in Polydesmus virginiensis, and another entophyte analogous to Enterobrus growing in Poly- desmus granulatus. The latter differs from Enterobrus in having numerous globular cells at the free extremity of the principal cell. He adverted to the several theories of cell formation, and said that in the last mentioned plant, in the development of the globular terminal cells, the division of the permanent cell wall followed the division of the cell contents. In conclusion, he observed, that these matters would be more fully treated of hereafter, in a memoir which he was preparing on the subject. February 2Qih. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. The Committee on Conchology presented a report, recommending that M. Lecoq's proposition, for an exchange of shells, be declined. Adopted. The Committee on Mr. Conrad's paper, read February 12th, 1850, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. 10 [Feb. Desrriplio7is of new species of fresh water Shelh.* By T. A. Conrad. t;nio. Z7. cultelliformis. Oblong, compressed, thin posteriorly, slightly thickened anteriorly, contracted obliquely from beak to base; umbonal slope rounded, ventricose; ligament and basal margins parallel; posterior margin slightly con- tracted, oblique; extremity rather obtusely rounded; basal margin nearly straight or slightly contracted ; epidermis olive-brown with strong concentric, lines; within bluish-white; cardinal teeth oblique, compressed, disposed to be double in each valve ; lateral teeth compressed, slightly arched. 21. \\. Local. Bogan river, Australia. TJ. Napeaensis. Oblong-suboval ; anterior margin regularly rounded; pos- terior margin obtusely rounded and nearly direct, extremity acutely rounded, situated but little above the basal line ; ligament and basal margins parallel ; basal margin slightly contracted ; disk contracted obliquely from beak to base ; umbo with irregular angulated wrinkled plicae concentrically arranged ; epidermis blackish-brown, obscurely rayed towards the base ; within bluish-white, with wax-colored stains ; cardinal teeth compressed, disposed to be double in each valve. 1|. \{. Local. Napean river, Australia. Z7. Balonnensis. Suboval or somewhat trapezoidal ; disk contracted from beak to base; posterior side inflated ; posterior margin obliquely truncated, extremity acutely rounded and much above the line of the base ; ligament and basal margins parallel ; basal margin nearly straight in the middle ; umbonal slope rounded ; posterior submargin with transverse wrinkled lines ; epidermis olivaceous, strongly lined concentrically ; within white; lateral teeth compressed; cardinal teeth elongated, compressed, very oblique, single in each valve, or slightly dis- posed to be double in the right valve. Local. Balonne river, Australia. The posterior slope in two specimens is furnished with transverse wrinkled prominent lines, but this does not appear to be a constant character of the spe- cies. 21. li. TJ. Aberti. Suboval, much compressed, contracted from beak to base ; posterior margin truncated, direct ; basal margin contracted posteriorly; beaks submedial ; umbonal slope prominent or ridged, rounded ; middle of disk with irregular plicas, running from umbo to base, becoming obsolete at base ; posterior slope with w^rinkled lines and small plicae; epidermis olive-yellow, with small, very nume- rous green dots, and a few broad rather indistinct rays ; within pale pink ; car- dinal teeth thick, direct. IJ. If. Local. Chambers' Ford, rapids of Verdigris river, Arkansas. Dr. Wood' house. Dedicated to Col. J. J. Abert. PALUDINA. p. svblineata. Ventricose-conoidal ; subumbilicated ; volutions 5, somewhat * Received by the Academy in exchange from the Australian Museum. 1850.] 11 scalariform, ventricose ; epiilermls olive, polished, with minute obsolete revolv- ing lines ; body whorl subcarinated in the middle ; aperture suboval. f. J. Local. Parling river, Australia. THYSA. P. pectorosa. Subovate ; volutions 4 or 5 ; spire short; apex eroded ; penulti- mate whorl ventricose; columella with a prominent, compressed, triangular, oblique tooth or fold ; epidermis olivaceous, clouded with brown. I. h. Local. Bogan river, Australia. P. Australiana. Elliptical, thin, diaphanous; volutions 4 or 5, regularly con- vex; spire short; epidermis amber-colored ; columella with a slender prominent fold, which revolves within to the apex; margin of labrum regularly curved or rounded. I. I. Local. Bogan river, Australia. MELANIA. M. tetrica. Turreted ; volutions 9, with oblique angular ribs, crossed by sharp prominent lines, giving the ribs an acutely tuberculated character ; whorls of spire anguiated above the middle, and destitute of revolving lines above the angle; ribs on body whorl not continued to the middle of the volution; the revolving lines about 12 in number; 4 on the penultimate volution; aperture ovate-acute, slightly oblique. 1. Local. Rivers of Australia. M. Balonnensis, Ovate-elongate, thin, diaphanous ; volutions 6, those of the spire anguiated, obliquely ribbed; revolving lines distinct, but little prominent; the ribs on body whorl short ; aperture elliptical, nearly half the length of the shell ; epidermis pale straw-color, with unequal spots of reddish-brown. |. Local. Balonne river, Australia. LYMNEA. L. perlevis. Ovate, thin and fragile, pellucid ; volutions 5 ; spire very short, the whorls convex ; body whorl slightly flattened on the side and also near the suture; epidermis straw-colored; columella with a prominent slender very oblique fold revolving within to the apex ; aperture large, patulous, ovate, regu- larly rounded at base. Local. Salamanca and Balonne rivers, Australia. The following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That in future, visitors will not be admitted to the Museum on other than public days, (Tuesdays and Fridays,) unless accompanied by a member of the Society. ELECTION. Mr. Samuel M. Fox, of Philadelphia, was elected a Member of the Academy. 1850.] 13 DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In January and FebruarYj 1850. January \st. Mounted specimen of Bradypus tridactylus, and a specimen of Diodon. From Dr. Wilson. Fine specimen of Python Javanicus ?, from Hong Kong, China. From Mr. Sandwith Drinker. Fifty-six specimens, in skin, of North American Mammalia, collected by Dr, J. K. Townsend in Oregon and the Rocky Mountains, and presented by him to the Academy, viz. : Meles Labradorica, Lepus Townsendii (2 spec), L. Nuttalii, L. Artemesia (3 spec], Lagomys princeps, Spermophilus Douglasii (4 spec), S. Richardsonii (2 spec), S; Franklinii, S. tridecimlineatus, Tamias Townsendii (3spec. )jT. grandivittatus (3 spec), T. minimus (2 spec), Meriones Americanus, Mus cer- copus, Scalops Townsendii (2 spec) Neotoma Drummondii (3 spec), Sciurus Douglasii (3 spec.) S. Richardsonii, S. lanuginosus, S. Fremontii, Pteromys ore- gone"nsis, P. salerinus, Mustek erminea, Pseudostoma Richardsonii, P. borealis, P. Townsendii (Rich.), P. bursarius, Plerotus Townsendii, Vespertiliosubulatus, Say (3 spec), V. , Arvicola oregoni, Canis ? (or great Oregon Wolf) (2 spec), Canis ? (lesser Oregon Wolf), Canis ? (least Oregon Wolf), Lynx canadensis ?, Cervus leucurus. January 8tk. Native Alum, from Ohio ; the same, from Italy : Botyroidal Manganese, from Germany ; Pink Scapolite, Spodumene, Petalite, from Massachusetts ; Fossil wood, from Virginia. Presented by Dr. Joseph Leidy. Two Saurian Vertebrae, from the marl of Burlington Co., New Jersey. From Dr. Charles T. Budd. Emerylite, a new mineral, from Chester Co., Pennsylvania. From Mr. Theo- dore F. Seal. January 22d. Living specimen of Testudo carbonaria, from Puerto Cabello. From Dr. Charles D. Meigs. February ^th. One hundred and sixty-five Skeletons (articulated) of Birds, of the following genera : Gallus; Plotus ; Ardea, 3; Mergus; Rallus ; Gallinula; Parra; Vanellus ; Rusticola; Porphyrio; Ostralega; Bombycilla; Alcedo, 3 ; Charadrius; Antho- chsera; Pitta; Glareola ; Falco, 3; Anas, 2 ; Procellaria, 2 ; Phalacrocorax; Picus, 3; Saurothera; Cryptonix; Pterocles ; Bucco ; Scops; Podargus; Psittacus, 10; Menura; Tanysiptera; Columba, 3; CEdicnemus ; Cuculus, 3; Buceros,2; Frater- cula; Otis; Sterna; Lestris; Corvus"; Podiceps, 2; Circus, 2; Caprimulgus; Turdus, 4; Ocypterus; Icterus, 2; Pomatorhinus ; Loxia, 2; Platycercus ; Bubutus; Fringilla, 3 ; Sitta; Emberiza; Ploceus, 2; Alauda; Motacilla, 3; Phyllornis, 2; Hirundo; Poephila; Trogon; Strix; Enrylaimus,3; Cypselus,2; Psittacula; Lanius; Perdix, 2; Sylvia, 2: Sturnus, 2; Oriolus; Upupa; Nectarina; Diceum; Ceyx ; Yunx, 2; Ibis; Glaucopis 2; Certhia, 2; Platalea; Polyborus ; Bubo; Grus ; Ciconia; Crax; Numenius; Sarcoramphus; Circaetus; Neophron; Todus; Merops, 4; Phcenicopterus ; Trochilus, 5 ; Ixos ; Psilopogon ; Eudynamis; Garrulus; Lampro- tornis ; Malurus ; Colaris ; Crypsirhina ; Myophonus ; Graucalus ; Timalia, 2 ; Irena, 2; Halcyon ; Pastor ; Edolius ; Ceblephyrus ; Vidua ; Cardinalis ; Apros- mictus. Fifty-two Sterna of Birds, as follows: Cygnus,2 ; Pavo; Colymbus; Anser, 3; Haliaetus; Porphyrio, 2; Milvus; Phasia- nus;Cacatua; Platycercus; Recurvirostra; Pandion, 2 ; Aquila ; Falco ; Gyps ; 14 [Feb. Buteo; Psittacus, 3 ; Hirundo, 2; Turdus, 2; Totanus; Mergus ; Gallinula, ;j ; Alcedo, 2 ; Lestris, 2; Cypselusj Oiiolus; 17 pupa; Ardea, 2; Otis; Platalea; Bubo; Ciconia; Crax; Uria, 3; Strix, 2. Three Tracheae of Birds : Kitta, Glareola, and Caprimulgus. Ten Crania of Birds: Diomedia, 1; Rhamphastos, 2; Macrocercus, 1; Platalea, 2; Phcenicopterus, 1; Rhynchops, 1; Buceros, 1; Nuinenius, 1. In all 230 species. From Dr. T. B. Wilson. Eleven nests: six with ten eggs, two with two young each, and one with the female bird, of eleven species of Trochilus, from South America ; three nests : two with three eggs, of three species of Orthotomus ; from India. From Dr. T. B. Wilson. Fruit of Banksia serrata. From Mr. Kilvington. Fehniarij \2th. Sulphate of Baryta, with honey-colored Fluor, from Lake Superior. From Mr G. K. Smith. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In January and February, 1850. January \st. Recherches anatomiques et physlologiques sur Porgane de I'audition chez les Oiseaux. Par G. Breschet. Dissertation sur la famille des Poissons Cyclostomes. Par A. M. Constant Dumeril. Talpas Europaea; anatome ab F. G. J. Jacobs. Ueber das Universum als Fortsetzung des Sinnensystems. Ein Pythagorais ches Fragment von Oken. Dissertatio inauguralis circa partes genitales masculas Avium. Auctore G. G. Tannenberg. Dr. G. G. Tannenberg's Abhandlung iiber die Mannlichen Zeugungstheile der Vogel. Dissertatio inauguralis sistens Limnei stagnalis anatomen. Edidit Salomo Steubel. Anatomische Beschreibung einer monstrosen, sechsfiissigen, Wasser-Frosches. Von D. J. Van Deen. De organis motoriis Boa9 caninse dissert, inaug. ab F. L. Huebner. De coioribus corporum naturalium praecipue animalium vegetabiliumque de- terminandis : comment, physiog. ab Dr. F. G. Hayne. Samuelis Heches de respiratione Animalium comrr.entatio. Dissertatio anatomica de Helice pomatia. Auctore W. Wohnlich, M. D. Batrachymyologia. Dissert, inaug. anatomico-physiologica myologiam Rana- rum Thuringiearum exhibens comparatum: Auctore J. C. Zeuker. De Metamorphosi Rostri Pici et de generatione mucoris in organismo animale vivente. Ab C. F. Heusinger. De animalculis infusoriis. Ab J. A. Lorent. H. Rathke de Bopyro et Nereide commentationes anatomico-physiologicae duse. Tabula: (12) anatomiam Entozoorum illustrantas : ab Eduardo Schmalz. United States Exploring Expedition. Geology ; by James D. Dana. 4to., and Atlas, folio. Fauna littoralis Norvegias, von M. Sars. Liv. 1. H. A. Wrisberg observationum de Animalibus infusoriis satura. Versuch iiber die Schwimblasse der Fische : von G. Fischer. Historia physiologica Ascaridium. Auctore M. Van Philsum, M. D. 8vo. Lectures on the comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the invertebrate ani- mals. By Richard Owen. 8vo. Esperienze intorno alia generazione degl'Insetti fatte Da Francisco Redi. 4to. Spicilegia adenologica. Auctore Philippus Seifert. 4to. 1850.] 15 De Symmatria et Asymmetria organorum animalitatis, imprimis cranii. Dis- sert, inaug. auctore J. C. G. Lucas. 4to. Memoir for a natural history of animals. Folio. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen iiber des Hern Robert Brown Entdeckung lebenden selbst im feuer unzerstorbarer Theilchen in alien Koerpern, und iiber Erzeugung der Monaden; von C. A. S. Schultze. 4to. D. M, E. Bloch's Abhandiung von der Erzeugung der Eingevt^eidewiirmer und den Mitteln wieder dieselben. 4to. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Sinneswerkzeuze bei den Insecten und Wurmen. Von F. J. Schelver. 8vo. On Parthenogenesis, or the successive production of procreating individuals from a single ovum. By Richard Owen. Svo. The London Athenaeum for November, 1819. Physicalische Beobachtungen der Saamenthierchen, durch die allerbesten Ver- o:rosserungs-Gl;iser und bequemlichsten Microscope betrachtet, &c. ; von M. F. LedemiiUer : Versuch einer griindlichen Vertheidigung der Saamenthierchen ; von M. F. LedemiiUer, (in one vol. 4to.) Beskrivelser og lagttageiser over nogle macrkelige aller nye i Haust ved den Bergenske kyst levende Dyr af Polypermes, Acaiyphermes, &c., med en kort oversigt over de hidtil af Forfattcren sammensteds fundne arter og deres Fore- kommen : afH. Sars. 4to. All the above presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on condition that they be not taken from the Hall. Statistics of Cholera, with the sanitary measures adopted by the Board of Health during the epidemic in Philadelphia, in 1849. From the Board of Health. The Western Journal of Agriculture, Manufactures, General Literature, &c. Edited by M. Tarver and T. F. Risk. Vol. 3. Nos. 1 and 2, 1819. The Editors. Entomographia Imperii Rossici, Auctore G. Fischer de Waldheim. Vol.4. Orthoptera Rossica, 4to. The author. J actuary 8th, Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition : Voyage dans I'lnde par Victor Jacquemont pendant lesannees 182S-'32. 6 vols. 4to. Histoire naturelle des Cephalopodes acetabuliferes vivants et fossiles par MM. Ferussac et D'Orbigny. 2 vols, folio. Conchiliologia fossili des Terrains cretaces du bassin de I'Adour. Par le Dr. Grateloup. 4to. Relation du Voyage a. la recherche de la Perouse pendant les annees 1791-'92. Par le Citoyen Labillardiere. 2 vols. 4to. Fortpflanzungsgeschichte der gesammten Vogel. Von F. A. L. Thienemann. Heft 4. 4to. Iconographie Ornithologique, ou receuil de planches representant les coquilles decrites par Lamarck, Sowerby, &c. Par Polydore Roux. Liv. 1. 4to. Nouvelles recherches sur le Nautile flambe (Nautilus pompilius, Lam.) ParM. A. Valenciennes. Relation d'un voyage du Levant. Par M. Pitton de Tournefort. 2 vols. 4to. Voyage dans les quatre principales iles des Mers d'Afrique. Par M. Bory de St. Vincent. 3 vols. Svo. and atlas 4to. Voyage de decouvertes aux Terres Australes. Redige par Peron et continue par M. Louis de Freycinet. 2d edition. 4 vols. Svo. and atlas 4to. Memoires du Capt. Peron sur ses voyages. 2 vols. 8vo. Description de Coquilles caracteristiques des Terrains par M. Deshayes. Svo. Entomolo^ie, ou histoire naturelle des Insectes. Par M. Olivier. 4to. Vols. 5, 6 and 8, (completing the copy in the Library of the Academy.) Isis von Oken. No. 11, 1848. Dictionnaire universelle d'histoire naturelle. Dirigepar M. Chas. D'Orbigny. 16 vols. Svo. Dr. Morton presented the following, on condition that they be not taken from the Hall. 16 [Feb. PaloEontologie Frangaise. Par M. Alcide D'Orbigny. Terrains cretaces, livs. 1-138: Terrains jurassiques, livs. 1-51. 8vo. Note sur des oeufs de MoUusques receuillis en Patagonie. Par M. Alcide D'Orbigny. Considerations sur I'ensemble des MoUusques Gasteropodes des Terrains creta- ces. Par M. D'Orbigny. Considerations zoologiques, geologiques, et geologies-geographiques sur les Ammonites du Terrain cretace. Par M. D'Orbigny. Memoire sur des especes et des genres nouveaux de Pordre des Nudibranches observees sur les cotes de France. Par M. D'Orbigny. January 15tk. Casparis Bauhini Brasiliens Archiatri de lapidis Bezoaris oriental et occidental. ISmo. Description generale, &c. de la colonie de Surinam. Par Philip Fermin, D. M. 2 vols. 8vo. Catalogus Bibliothecae historico-naturalis Joseph! Banks. Aiictore J. Dryan- der. 5 vols. 8vo. Catalogues of the very select and valuable libraries of William Roscoe, Isaac Ambrose Eccles. and General Charles Vallencey. Catalogue of the Library of the Athenceum, Liverpool, 1820. By George Bur- rell. 8vo. Catalogue of the Library of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, 1843, Svo. ; of a collection of Books on Natural History, by W. Wood of London, 1832, Svo. ; the same for 1810; of the Library of the Linnean Society of London. 8vo. 1827. Bibliotheca Londinensis : a classified index to the literature of Great Britain during thirty years. Svo. : and supplement to the same from 1816 to 1849. Svo. Bibliotheca regni animalis atque Lapidei, conscripta et editaa Laurento T. Gronovio. 4to. Discours de M. Alfred Malherbe a I'Academie Nationale de Metz de 14 Mai, 1848. De Lapicidinas microcosmic : auctore J. C. Hoffmanns. 4to. Hints to assist the enquiries of visitors: being brief notices of local antiquities in Southampton and its vicinity. By John Buller. A letter to the Earl of EUesmere, on the management of the Library of printed books in the British Museum. D. Jacob Schaefferi Entwurf einer allgemeinen Farbenverein. The above were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition. The voyages and travels of the Ambassadors sent by the Duke of Holstein to the Grand Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia. By Adam Oleareus ; render- ed into English by John Davies. Folio. From Dr. S. G. Morton. niustrations of the Geology of Sussex. By Gideon Mantell. 4to. From the same. Ueber die fossilen Siiugethiere w^elche in Wiirtemberg in verscheidenen For- malionen aufgefunden worden sind von Dr. G. F. Jiiger. Nor. 1 and 2. Folio. From the same. Conspectus Crustaceorum quse in orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione C.Wilkes e classe Reipublicas Federatae duce, lexit et descripsit J. D. Dana, [sopoda No. 1. Schizopoda No. 1. From the author. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of Nevir York. Vol. 5. No. 1. From the Lyceum. Descriptions of two species of Distoma, with the partial history of one of them. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. From the author. January 22d. System der Physiologic. Von C. G. Carus; 2 vols. Svo. From J.Lambert. Archiv skandinavischer Beitrage zurNaturgeschichte. Von C. F. Hornschuch. Part 1. Nos. 1 and 2. Svo. From Dr. Morton. 1850.] 17 On Entophyta in living animals. New species of Entozoa. On Glandulae odoriferae. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. From the Author. Notes of a military reconnoisance from Fort Leavenworth in Missouri, to San Diego in California. By Lieut. Col. VV. H. Emory. 8vo. From Col. J. J. Abert. February 5lh. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 4, New Series. Part 1. 4to. From the Academy. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Vol. 1, new series. Part 4. 4to. From the Publication Committee. Observations on the prevention of Phthisis, and its proper treatment in the early stage, with cases illustrating its natural history. By Edward Hallowell, M. U. From the author. Three lectures preliminary to a course on the principles and practice of Surgery, delivered Oct., 1849, at the University of Pennsylvania. By William Gibson, M. D. From the author. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition t Voyage en Abyssinie execute pendant les annees 1839-'43 par une commission scientifique. Public sous la direction de M. Lefebvre. Atlas, livs. 22-^2G, folio. Voyage au Pole Sud et dans I'Oceanie sur les Corvettes 1' Astrolabe et Zelee en 1837-'40. Atlas, Anthropologic liv. 10, Zoologie livs.25 et 26, Botanique livs. 10 et 12, Geologie et iVlineralogie 3 livs., folio. Texte, Hist, du voyage tome 10, Geologie et Mineral., tome 1. 8vo. Voyage scientifique dans PAltai Oriental et les parties adjuvantesde la frontiere de Chine, par Pierre de Tchihatchoff. 2 vols. 4to. Histoire naturelle des lies Canaries. Par MM. Webb et Bertholet. 28 livs. 4to. Comptes rendus. Nos. 14-22, tome 29, et index du tome 28. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. Nos. 1 et 2, 1849. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Nos. 9 et 10, 1849. Traites tres rares concernant I'histoire naturelle et les Arts. 8vo. Osteographie, ou descriptions iconographiques comparees de Squelette et sys- tem dentaire des cinq classes d'animaux vertebres vivantset fossiles, pour servir de base a la Zoologie et a la Geologie : Par H. M. Ducrotay de Blainville. Texte 4to, fascic. 1-23 ; planches, folio, fascic. 1-23. Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale et la Crimee, execute en 1837 sous la di- rection de M. de Demidoff. Texte 8vo. tomes 4: planches folio, tomes 2. Voyage Pittoresque et Achaeologique en Russie, execute par M. de Demidoff, folio. Monographie de la famille des Hirudinees. Par A. Moquin-tendon. 8vo. and atlas 8vo. Bibliotheque universelle des voyages. Par Boucher de laRicharderie. 6 vols. 8vo. Exploration scientifique de I'Algerie pendant las annees 1840, '41 et '42 ; Mollusques par M. Deshayes, livs. 23, 24, 25 ; Animaux articules par H. Lucas, livs. 25, 26. Supplement, liv. 4to. Receuil de Memoires et des Notes sur les especes inedites ou peu connus de Mollusques, de Vers, et de Zoophytes. Par F. M. Daudin. Histoire des Mollusques observees dans le Departement de la Sarthe. Par F. G. Gonpil. Traite elementaire de Conchyliologie. Par G. P. Deshayes. Livs. 10, 11, 12. 8vo. Note sur la Seiche de six pattes, (Sepia hexapodia de Molina,) Par M. de Ferussac. Catalogue de la collection de coquilles formee par le Baron de Ferussac. Essai sur les Mollusques du Departement du Gras. Par M. I'Abbe D. Dupuy. 8vo. Catalogue generale des livres composant les Bibliotheques du Departement de la Marine et des Colonies. 6 vols. 8vo. Monographie de Mammalogie ou description des Mammiferes dans les differens Musees de I'Europe. Par C. L. Temminck. 2 vols. 4to. 3 18 [Feb. Description des Mollusques de France, et particulierement de Department de L'Isere. Par M. Albin Gras. Systeme des animaux sans vertebres. Par J. B. Lamarck. Ime. edition. 8vo. Histoire naturelle et mythologique de PIbis, par Jules Caesar Savigny : Journal du dernier voyage de Dolomier dans les Alpes, par T. C. Brum-Neergaard, (in one vol. 8vo.) Tableau elementaire de I'histoire naturelle des Animaux. Par G. Cuvier. 8vo. Considerations generales sur la classe des Crustaces. Par Anselm-Goeten Des- marest. 8vo. Traite elementaire de Zoologie, ou histoire naturelle du regne animal. Par F. A. Pouchet. 8vo. Voyage autour du Caucase. Par F. Dubois de Montpereux. 6 vols. 8vo. Considerations generales sur I'lchthiologie. Par H. Cloquet. 8vo. February 12th, The London Athenaeum for Dec. 1849. From Dr. Wilson. Contributions to Conchology. No. 4. By C. B. Adams. From the author. Twenty-eighth Report of the Leeds Literary and Philosophical Society, 1847- '48. From the Society. Report of the Proceedings of the (Teological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1S4S. From the Society. Fehriiary Vitli, Annual Report of the Trustees of the State Library of New York, January 15, ISoO. From the Trustees. Celestial Wonders and Philosophy. By Prof. Rafinesque. Svo. From Dr. Morton. Indice d'lttiologia Siciliana: del Siz. C. S. Rafinesque. 8vo. From the same. Caratteri di alcuni nuo\i generi e nuovi specie di animalie Pianti della Sicilia. Del Sig. C. S. Rafinesque. 8vo. From the same. Nouveau manuel d'Anatomie comparee par MM. de Siebold et Stannius, traduit de I'AUemand par MM. Spring et Lacordaire. 2 vols. r2mo. From M. Lacor- daire. Gleanings from the Menagerie and Aviary at Knowsly Hall. Part 1. Folio. From Mr. J. E. Gray. Ornithology of the United States. The descriptive part by J. K. Townsend. Nos. 1 and 2. Svo. From Mr. Cassin. Essai d'une nouvelle maniere de grouper les genres et les especes de I'ordre de Passereaux. Par M. La Fresnaye. From M. O. Des Murs. Catalogo di Uccelli Messicani e Peruvian! di Carlo L. Bonaparte, Principe di Musisnano. From the same. Notice sur le Papyrus. Par AT. Alfred Malherbe. From the author. Du role des Oiseaux chez les anciens et chez les modernes. Par Alfred Mal- herbe. From the author. The American Journal of Science and Arts. Second series. No. 25. January, 1850. From the editors. Dr. Wilson presented the following, on the usual condition: The Natural History of Birds. 3 vols. Svo. Manual of British Ornithology. By Wm. Macsrillivray. 2 vols. Svo. American Ornitholosy. By Alexander Wilson and Charles L. Bonaparte. Edited by Robert Jameson. 4 vols. r2mo. The History of Singing Birds; translated from the French of Count de Buffon. 12mo. The Book of Parrots. By Sir T. Dick Lander and Capt. Thomas Brown. 12mo. Traite elementaire d'Ornithologie. Par M. Mouton-Fontenille. 2 vols. Svo. Beitriige zur Vogelkunde in vollstilndigen Beschreibungen mehrerer neuent- deckter und vieler seltener, oder nicht gehorig beobachteter deutscher Vogel. Von C. L. Brehm. 3 vols. Svo. Ornithological rambles in Sussex. By A. E. Knox. 8vo. 1850.] . 19 Manuel d'Ornithologie, on tableau systematique des Oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe. Par C. J. Temminck. 8vo. Historia naturalis Orcadensis. Zoology. Part 1. 8vo. By W. P. Baikie, M.D. and Robert Heddle. J. T. Klein Historiae Avium prodromus. 4to. Essai sur I'histoire naturelle des Oiseaux du Departement de deux Sevres. Par le Dr. J. L. M. Guillemeau. 8vo. Ornithologie Europeene. Par C. D. Degland. 2 vols. 8vo. The Song Birds of Great Britain. By John Cotton. 8vo. Deutschlands Fauna, oder praktisch gentieinnutzliche Naturgeschichte der Thiere des Inlandes mit naturgetreuen Abbildungen aller Arten. Von C. G. L. Reichen- bach. 8vo. Ornithologie Proven(jale. Par Polydore Roux. Atlas du tome Ime. Synopsis of British Birds. By John Walcott, Esq. 2 vols. 4to. Europaische Fauna, oder Naturgeschichte der Europaischen Thiere. Von J. F. E. Goeze. 10 vols. 8vo. Svenska Foglar efternaturer och pa Sten artade afM.ochW. von Wright. 4to. Die Eierder Vogel Deutschlands und derbenachbarten Lander in naturgetreuen Abbildungen und Beschreibungen nebst einer tabellarischen Uebersicht der Natur- geschichte der hier vorkommenden Vogel. Von J. F. Naumann und Dr. C. A. Bahle. 5 nos. 4to. A letter to Mark Milbank, of the county of Cork, descriptive of the characters of the Whistling Swan. Ger. Nicolai Heerkens Groningani Aves Frisicag. 8vo. Musaeum Ornithologicum ; exhibens enumerationem et descriptionem Avium quas nova prorsus ratione sibi paratas in Museo suo asservat D. J. C. Schaffer. 4to. Uccelliera overo discorso della natura e proprieta di diversi uccelli e in parte- colare di que che cantano, con il modo di prendergli, conoseergli, alleuargli, e mantineugli. Opera di Gio. Pietro Olina. 4to. Over eene nleuwe soort van duif vande Kust Van Guinea, Columba (Peristera) puella. Door H. Schlegel. Observations sur le sousgenre des Poriellots (Ficedula) et notamment sur le P. lusciniole, Sylvia (P.) polyglotta Viel. Par H. Schlegel. Vorstellung der Vogel in Deutschlands und beilaufig nach einiger fremden nach ihren Gegenschaften beschrieben von J. L. Frisch. Folio. Blicke iiber das Menschliche Wissen in der Naturkunde. Ornithologischer Atlas der Aussereuropaischen Vogel. VonH. C. Kiister. Nos. 16 and 17. Migratory Birds, or such as visit Britain at different seasons of the year. Note des Oiseaux doubles et de quelques autres objets d'histoire naturelle offerts en echange du cabinet de C. J. Temminck. A discourse on the emigration of British Birds; by a Naturalist. A new trea- tise on the art of grafting and inoculation, (in one vol. 8vo.) A history of the rarer species of British Birds. By T. C. Eyton. Parts 1, 2, 3. 8vo. D. Jacob C. Schasffer's Abbildung und Beschreibung des Mayenwurmkiifers. Idee zu einer systematischen Oryktozoologie oder iiber verandert und nnve- randert ausgegrabene Thiere entworfen. Von Dr. E. Eichwald. Rhea. Zeitschrift fiir die gesammte Ornithologie. Von Dr. F. A. L. Thiene- mann. Part 1. 8vo. Fossil Fish in the collection of the Earl of Enniskillen and Sir Philip Egerton. Lezione Accademica intorno all' origine delle Fontani, a Luigi F. Marsilli. 4to. 1850.] ^ 21 March 5th. Dr. Elwyn in the Chair. A communication was read from the American Philosophical Society, dated March 2d, 1850, acknowledging the receipt of Part 4, Vol. 1, of the Journal of the Academy. A letter from H. W. Ravenel, Esq., dated Black Oak, South Caro- lina, Feb. 26th, 1850, stating his intention to forward without delay a package of South Carolina plants for the Academy, and making in- quiries respecting exchanges. Referred to the Botanical Committee. Dr. Morton presented the following letter from Elliot Cresson, Esq., of Philadelphia, addressed to the members of the Academy, dated March 5th. "It will doubtless be gratifying to you to learn that the attention of scientific men is turned, with deep interest, upon the long neglected continent of Africa: and it is equally due to you and to the distinguished gentlemen who have made so liberal an offer, to state that Hon. John Short, of Cincinnati, and Professor Charles Short, of Louisville, have most munificently offered to bear all the expense of a botanical mission to Africa, provided a person of proper zeal and other qualifica- tions can be obtained for the service. Professor Christy, of Oxford, Ohio, has also expressed to us his wish to make a geological survey of Africa." The letter was, on motion, referred to the Zoological Committee. The following, from the same, was also read. Extract from a letter from Senator Stephen A. Benson to Elliott Cresson, dated Bassa Cove, Republic of Liberia, October 2Bth, 1849. "I had almost forgotten to tender you my thanks for the pamphlet forwarded to me, containing some observations on the Hippopotamus Liberiensis. This animal inhabits all the larger rivers of Liberia, and I have known seven in all to be killed by the natives living near the St. John's river, but have never seen but one myself. This one was shot by a native in 1835, on an island in this river opposite Bexley, and so far as I can now remember, it corresponded with the de- scription given by Dr. Morton and his correspondents. The natives say that they are to be frequently seen upon the islands opposite and above Bexley." March \2th. Mr. Pearsall in the Chair. A note was read from Elliott Cresson, Esq., dated Philadelphia, March 8ih, 1850, presenting a collection of Coleopterous insects from Liberia. A letter from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, dated Boston, March 6th, 1850, acknowledging the receipt of Part 4, Vol. 1, new series of the Journal, and requesting a copy of the first series, and PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. V. NO. II. 4 22 [March, offering in return such volumes of the Memoirs of the American Academy as may be wanting in the Library of this Society. A letter from Maximilian Prince de Wied, dated Neu-wied on the Rhine, January 8th, 1850, offering to exchange specimens of European Quadrupeds, Birds, &c,, for those of this country. Referred to the Zoological Committee. A communication from Dr. Lewis R. Gibbes, dated Charleston, March 5th, 1850, accompanying "A Catalogue (prepared by himself) of the Crustacea in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, February 20th, 1847, with notes on the most remark- able." The latter being intended for publication, was referred to a Committee consisting of Drs. Bridges, Zantzinger, and Leidy. On motion of Mr. Vaux it was Resolved, That the Publication Com- mittee be authorized to transmit to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, such numbers of the first series of the Journal as the Committee may deem expedient. March I9th. Dr, Morton, President, in the Chair. A communication was read from Peter A. Browne, Esq., entitled " Microscopic description of some piles on the head of Albinos." Re- ferred to Mr, Fisher, Dr. Elwyn, and Prof. Haldeman. On leave granted the Zoological Committee, to which was referred the Messrs. Short's communication to Mr. Elliott Cresson, of Philadel- phia, in relation to their proposed scientific expedition to Africa, re- ported that it was inexpedient to recommend any action on the subject at this time by the Academy. March 26th. The Committee to which was referred Prof. Gibbes' Catalogue of the Crustacea in the Cabinet of the Academy, reported in favor of its publication in the Proceedings, with observations by the Committee. Catalogue of the Crustacea in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Aug-ust 20th, 1847, with Notes on the most remarhahle. By Prof. Lewis R. Gibbes, Charleston, South Carolina. In August, 1847, the collection of Crustacea in the Cabinet of the Academy- was kindly laid open to me for inspection and study ; and as the specimens were not all labelled, I endeavored to make some return for the favor by labelling the whole collection, as far as practicable, in the few days I spent in the city, in a mode uniform with that I adopted for the collection belonging to the Boston Society of Natural History. No labels were attached, of course, to those speci- 1850.] 23 mens described by Mr. Say and Dr. Randall, which retained the original labels. The catalogue given below, with the notes on the principal species, were made during the examination of the collection, and I had intended to communicate them to the Academy soon after my return home, but several circumstances, which it is hardly necessary to mention, prevented my doing so as early as I intended, and I offer them now, as I believe no communication has yet been made to the Academy of the extent of their collection. The catalogue includes the Podoph- thalmian Crustacea only, as there were but few specimens belonging to the other subdivisions, and those not all in good condition. In a few cases I have had to correct the determinations of Dr. Randall. The necessity for these corrections I communicated to Dr. R. after my return home, and begged that he would himself correct his own errors ; but his distance from the specimens, and his present engagements, have induced him to entrust that office to me. I have therefore made the requisite corrections, influenced by that friendly consideration for Dr. R. which a consciousness of one's own liability to error should ever induce for the errors of others. The nomenclature adopted is in general that of Milne Edwards. CATALOGUE. PODOPHTHALMIA. DECAPODA. A. Brachyura. 1. Family OXYRHINCA. 1. Leptopodia, Leach. VI. Mithrax, Leach. 1. L. sagittaria. Leach. 9. M. spinosissimus, M. Edw. 2. L. calcarata. Say. 10. M. hispidus, M. Edw. IL LiBiNiA, Leach. 11. M. sculptus, M. Edw. 3. L. canaliculata. Say. VII. Pericera, Latr. 4. L. dubia, M. Edw. 12. P. cornuta, M. Edw. 5. L. affinis, Randall. VIII. Epialtus, M. Edw. III. LissA, Leach. 13. E. Nuttalli, Randall. 6. L. fissirostra. Say. 14. E. productus, Randall. IV. Herbstia, M. Edw. IX. Lambeus, Leach. 7. H. parvifrons, Randall. 15. L. echinatus, M. Edw. V. Chorinus, Leach. X. Parthenope, Latr. 8. C. heros, Leach. 16. P. horrida, Fabr. 2. Family CYCLOMETOPA. XI. Cancer, M. Edw. XIV. Panopeus, M. Edw. 17. C. limbatus, M. Edw. 20. P. Herbstii, M. Edw. XII. Carpilius, Leach. 21. P. limosus, M. Edw. 18. C. corallinus, M. Edw. XV. Pseudocarcinus, M. Edw. XIII. Lagostoma, M. Edw. 22. P. mercenaria. 19. L. nodosa, Randall. 24. [March, XVI. Etisus, M. Edw. 23. E. laevimanus, Randall. XVII. Platycarcinus, Latr. 24. P. irroratus, M. Edw. 25. P. productus, Randall. XIX. Eriphia, Latr. 26. E. gonagra, M. Edw. XX. PiLUMNUs, Leach. 27. P. aculeatus, M. Edw. XVI. Trapezia, Latr. 28. T. cymodoce, Guerin. XXII. Carcinus, Leach. 29. C. maenas, Leach. 3. Family XXVII. Potamia, Latr. 38. P. dentata, Latr. 39. P. latifrons, Randall. XXVIII. Orthostoma, Randall. 40. 0. dentata, Randall. XXIX. Uca, Latr. 41. U. una, Latr. XXX. Cardisoma, Latr. 42. C. carnifex, Latr. 43. C. guanhumi, Latr. XXXI. Gecarcinus, Latr. 44. G. ruricola, Lin. 45. G. lateralis, M. Edw. XXXII. Pinnotheres, Latr. 46. P. byssomiae, Say. XXXIII. Ocypoda, Fabr. 47. 0. arenaria, Say. XXXIV. GELASiivfts, Latr. 48. G. vocans, M. Edw. XXIII. Platyonichus, Latr. 30. P. ocellatus, Latr. XXIV. LuPA, Leach. 31. L. sanguinolenta, Uesm. 32. L. dicantha, M. Edw. 33. L. cribraria, M. Edw. 34. L. rubra, M. Edw. 35. L. pelagica, Say. )iXV. Thalamita, Latr. 36. T. pulchra, Randall. XXVI. Podophthalmus, Lamk. 37. P. vigil, Leach. CATOMETOPA. XXXVi Macrophthalmus, Latr. 49. M. compressipes, Randall. XXXVI. Sesarma, Say. 50. S. cinerea, Say. 51. S. reticulata. Say. 52. S. recta, Randall. XXXVII. Grapsus, Lamk. 53. G. cruentatus, Latr. 54. G. pictus, Latr. 55. G. rudis, M. Edw. XXXVIII. Pachygrapsus, Randall. 56. P. crassipes, Randall. 57. P. parallelus, Randall. XXXIX. Nautilograpsus, M. Edw. 5S. N. minutus, M. Edw. XL. Plagusia, Latr. 59. P. clavimana, Latr. 60. P. squamosa, Latr. XLI. Calappa, Fabr. 61. C. marmorata, Fabr. 62. C. cristata, Fabr. 63. C. tuberculata, Fabr. Family OXYSTOMA. XLII. Hepatus, Latr. 64. H. fasciatus, Latr. XLIII. GtiAiA, M. Edw. 65. G. punctata, M. Edw. 66. G. ornata. XLIV. Dromia, Fabr. 67. D. lator, M. Edw. XLV. Ranina, Lam. 68. R. dentata, Latr. B. Anomoura. XL VI. Albunea, Fabr. 69. A. symnista, Fabr. XL VII. Blepharipoda, Randall. 70. B. occidentalis, Randall. 1850.] 25 XL VIII. HippA, Lati. . 71. H. emerita, Fabr. XLIX. Cenobita, Latr. 72. C. Diogenes, M. Edw. L. MoNOLEPis, Say. 73. M. spinitarsus, Say. LI. PoRCELLANA, Lam. 74. P. sociata, Say. 75. P. cinctipes, Randall. LII. Pagurus, Latr. 76. P. Bernardus, Fabr. 77. P. punctulatus, M. Edw. 78. P. granulatus, Olivier. 79. P. aniculus, Fab. 80. P. poUicaris, Say. 81. P. carinatus, Randall. 82. P. symmetricus, Randall. 83. P. decorus, Randall. 84. P. laevimanus, Randall. 85. P. latensj Randall. C. Macroura. LIII. ScYLLARus, Leach. 86. S. arctus, Fabr. 87. S. squammosus, M. Edw. 88. S. equinoxialis, Fabr. LIV. Ibachus, Leach. 89. I. antarcticus, M. Edw. LV. Palinurus, Fabr. 90. P. americanus, Lamk. 91. P. interruptus, Randall. LVI. Nephrops, Leach. 92. N. occidentalisj Randall. LVII. AsTACus, M. Edw. 93. A. Bartoni, Fabr. 94. A. affinis, Say. 95. A. Blandingi, Harlan. 96. A. fluviatilisj Rond. LVIII. Atyoidea, Randall. 97. A. bisulcata, Randall. LIX. Alpheus, Latr. 98. A. dispar, Randall. 99. A. laevis, Randall. LX. HippoLYTE, Leach. 100. H. marmoratus, M. Edw. 101. H. gracilipes, Randall. LXI. Palemon, Fabr. 102. P. carcinus, Fabr. 103. P. Gaudichaudi, M. Edw. 104. P. grandimanus, Randall. 105. P. gracilimanus, Randall. 106. P. punctatus, Randall. LXII. Peneus, Latr. 107. P. setiferus, M. Edw. 108. P. canaliculatus, Olivier. PODOPHTHALMIA. STOMAPODA. LXIII. Squilla, Latr. 109. S. maculata, Fabr. 110. S. nepa, Latr. 111. S. empusa, Say. 112. S. stylifera, Lamk. 113. S. Cerisii, Roux. LXIV. GoNODACTYLUS, Lat. 114. G. chiragra, Latr. 115. G. styliferus, M. Edw. NOTES 2. Lepidoptera calcarata. All that remains of Say's original specimen is the stomachal region of the carapace, with the eyes and rostrum attached. This was found in Charleston harbor; a second specimen has not, as far as I know, been yet obtained. 5. Libinia affinis, Randall, hardly appears to differ from L. diibia, M. Edw. 6. Lissa fissirostra is the name under which Say described this species. Some 26 [March, of our naturalists regard it as identical with Hyas coarctata of the British coasts. I have had no opportunity of comparing specimens from both shores of the Atlantic, but the American species appears to me to resemble most Hyas aranea, judging from the figure in Herbst's work. 9. Mithrax spinosissimus. The specimen in the collection is of unusual size. Carapace 7 inches in length, as many in breadth, and 3 inches thick; hand and finger 7 inches long, 2J broad; whole length of one of the first pair of feet 13 inches. 12. Pericera cornuta. This specimen has been described by Dr. Randall (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. viii., p. 108) as Chorinus armatus. It does not belong to the genus Chorinus, as the orbits of the eyes are not incomplete, as they are in that genus, but embrace the peduncle of the eye on all sides like a tube, allowing no other motion to the eye than that of retraction or protrusion. On comparison, Dr. R.'s description will be found to agree in general with that given by M. Edwards of Pericera cornuta, (Hist. Crust., tome I, p. 335,) and a reference to the figure given in Hughes' Nat. Hist, of Barbadoes, pi. 25, fig. 3, or to Herbst, pi. 59, fig. 6, will complete the proof. 13 and 14. Epialtns Nuttalii and productus Randall appear to be new and well marked species. 22. Pseudocarcinus raercenaria is the Cancer mercenaria of Say, (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. I, p. 448,) abundant along our southern coast. It is referred by M. Edwards, with some doubt, to the genus Xantho of Leach, (M. Edw. Hist. Crust., tome I, p. 399,) but I have no hesitation in referring it to his own genus Pseudocarcinus, and am disposed to think that he had it before him when writing his description of Pseudocarcinus ocellatus, (op. cit., p. 409.) His description applies in every particular, but is short. The country of his specimens he says is unknown. 25. Platycarcinus productus, Randall, is a distinct species from the three others known. 28. Trapezia cymodoce. The specimens in the collection agree exactly with Guerin's figure, (Voy. Coq. Crust., pi. 1, fig. 4.) M. Edwards' remarks are very just with regard to the difference between Guerin's Trapezia cymodoce, and the Cancer cymodoce of Herbst. 33. Lupa cribraria. The crab of our southern coast described by Say as Lupa maculata, (J. A. N. S., vol. I, p. 445,) appears, by Edwards' description and figure, (op. cit., tome 1, p. 452, pi. 17,' fig. 1,) to be same as Lamarck's Por- tunus cribrarius, (Anim. sans Vert., tome V., p. 259, and 2^- edit., t. V., p. 476.) Say's paper was read Dec. 1st, 1818, and Lamarck's fifth volume was published, as declared by the title page, in July, 1818, and his name has right of priority, and I have therefore adopted it. 35. Lupa pelagica. This specimen has Say's original label affixed, and is doubtless one of the specimens described by him in the Jour. Acad., vol. I, p. 97. It is not the L. pelagica of M. Edwards, and does not appear to be the young of the L. dicantha common along our coast; but further examination is requisite to determine what claims it has to be considered new. He refers, through mistake, to pi. 18, fig. 1. 1850.] 07 39. Potamia latifrons, Randall, is distinct from Boscia dentata, M. Edw. Potamia, as generic name, ought to take precedence of Boscia. 40. Orthostoma dentata, Randall, forms a genus distinct from the others of the same group. 49. Macrophthalmus compressipes, Randall, is a distinct species, and is the same as the M. podophthalmus figured in the Voyage of the Boiiite. Priority of publication must determine which name shall prevail. The text of the work I have not seen. 53. Grapsus cruentatus. The individuals in the Collection of the Academy, belonging to this species, were erroneously regarded by Dr. Randall as new, and were described by him as G. longipes, in the Journal of the Academy, (vol. viii, p. 125.) It was doubtless a mistaken supposition that they were brought from Surinam, as stated p. 126, and this error probably misled Dr. R. 55. Grapsus rudis, M. Edw., is the same as G. hirtus, Randall, (J. A. N. S., vol. viii, p. 124.) Milne-Edwards' name has priority. With him I regard G. rudis as distinct from G. pictus, though it differs only in the following particulars : the carapace is clothed with numerous but distant transverse lines of hairs; the front is not so perpendicularly turned down ; the four lobes of the front are more tuberculous, and the limbs smaller when compared with the body. There is but one specimen in the collection, but that is in good condition. 56 and 57. Pachygrapsus crassipes and P. parallelus appear to be distinct from the described species of the genus Grapsus. 66. Guaia ornata. This is a very distinct and pretty species of the genus Guaia, described by Dr. Randall as Ilia ornata, (J. A. N. S., vol. viii, p. 129,) but it really belongs to the genus to which I have referred it. This error, of confounding the two genera, Ilia and Guaia, has been committed by others be- sides Dr. R., until specimens really belonging to the genus Ilia fell into their hands, when a distinctive character is at once perceived in the peculiar contorted form of the hands in this genus. For want of attention to this point, Myra fugax and Guaia punctata have been confounded with Ilia punctata, many points in the description of each being common. 68. Ranina' dentata. Two fine specimens. Dimensions of largest : carapace 4J inches long, 42 broad ; carapace and abdomen extended, 7 inches ; breadth of hand, finger excluded, li inch, including finger, 2i inches; length of thumb or moveable finger, 1 J inch ; length of one of the first pair of feet, thumb extended, is 7 inches. 70. Blepharipoda occidentals, Randall. A well marked genus. The indi- vidual is a female; abdomen with appendages, first pair of feet cheliform; hence it is near Albunea, but quite distinct. 74. Porcellana sociata, Say. In Say's article (J. A. N. S. vol. i, p. 456) the name of this species is given P. soriata. Say's original specimen is still in the collection of the Academy, but the label could not be found to determine how he wrote the name ; there can be but little doubt that the name as printed is a typo- graphical error arising from an imperfection in the manuscript, and that Leach, Desmarest, and Milne Edwards are right in regarding sociata as the true specific name; an imperfectly formed c connected with the preceding letter being easily mistaken for one of the manuscript forms of r. Another example of deviation 2S [March, from the original orthography is furnished by Leach's genus Lupa, but in this case the deviation is unjustifiable. In Leach's article Crustaceology, in the Edinb. Encycl., he uses Lupa throughout, and Desmarest does the same in the Consid. Gen. Crust. Milne Edwards, misled apparently by the orthography of the name in French, Lupee, erroneously uses Lupea in his Hist. Nat. Crust, tom i. p. 445, (text and note), while in the references in the notes in the following pages, he uses Lupa; in his notes to the second edition of Lamarck's Anim. sans Vert. tom. v. p. 473, he gives Leach's genus as Lupea, while in the references to his own work (Hist. Nat. Crust.) on page 476, he uses thrice Lupa, and once Lupea. Lastly, in the Appendix to Leach's own article in Edinb. Encyc, the genus is called Lima ! 89. Ibachus antarcticus. One individual marked as " brought from Santa Cruz by R. E. Griffith," agrees with Milne Edwards' character for I. antarcticus, the spine being present on the fifth pair of feet, the absence of which marks his I. Parrae, a native of the Antilles. Is I. Parrae a distinct species? or is it only imperfectly distinguished by the character he assigns to it ? 98. Alpheus dispar, Randall, is hardly distinct from A. brevirostris, M. Edw. 101. Hippolyte gracilipes. The specimen thus labelled was in bad condition, but certainly belongs to the genus Palemon ; probably some interchange of labels had taken place. 103. Palemon Gaudichaudii, M. Edw. Two fine specimens of this species of Milne Edwards, first brought from Chili by Gaudichaud. 111. Squilla empusa. The specimen I labelled thus, was said to be brought from the Pacific, and does not perceptibly differ from S. empusa, Say, from the Atlantic coast; if it really came from the Pacific, direct comparison with S. empusa of our Coast ought to be made, which I was not able to do for want of specimens of the latter at hand. 113. Squilla Cerisii. This specimen was brought from the Pacific, and agreed with M. Edward's description of the S. cerisii of Roux, inhabiting the Mediter- ranean ; direct comparison is necessary to determine in what points they really differ. It is more probably the same as S. Lessonii, of Guerin. There were also some eight or ten undetermined species, and several of Say's original specimens of the lower orders of the Crustacea. Several of the species described by Dr. Randall were wanting, and have been omitted of course in the preceding catalogue. Additions and Observations by the Committee. In cases where the additions are of species in genera already in the collection, the numbers for the genera in Prof. Gibbes' paper are used, while higher numbers are employed for the additional genera. LXV. Stenorhynchus, M. Edw. LXVIT. Maia, Lam. 116. S. phalangium, Pennant. 118. M. squinado. LXVI. Inachus, Fabr. LXVIII. Hyas, Leach. 117 I. Doisettensis, Leach. 119. H. coarctata. Leach. 120. H. avanea, Leach. 1850.] 29 LXIX. EuRYNO.ME, Leach. 121. E. aspera. Pennant. XIV. Panopeus, M. Ed. 122, 123. P. (undetermined; from Brazil, LXX. Dair.s De Haen. 124. D. perlata. i LXXI. XA^THO, Leach. 125. X. intonsus, Rand. 126. X. floridus, Montagu. XV. PSEUDOCARCINUS, M. Ed. 127. P. Rhumphii. XVn. Platycarcinus, Latr. 128. P. pagurus, Linn. 129. P ? (cancer) decorus, Herbst. (a carapax only, from Tampa Bay, Florida.) LXXIL PiREMELA, Leach. 130. P. denticulata, Leach. LXXIIL PoRTUNus, Fab. 131. P. pusilus, Leach. 132. P. puber. Leach. 133. P. arcuatus. Leach. XXIV. LuPA. 134. L. (undetermined.) XXXII. Pinnotheres, Latr. 135. P. pisum. Pennant. XXXIII. OcYPODE, Fabr. 136. O. Rhombea, Fabr. 137. O. Urvillii, Guerin. XXXIX. Gelasimus, Latr. 138. G. platydactylus, Latr. 139. G. minor, Owen. 140. 141, 142. G. (undetermined.) XXXV. Macrophthalmus, Latr. 143. depressus, Rupp. 144. transversus ? XXXVI. Sesarma, Say. 145. S. TETKAGONA, Fab. 146. S. ? XXXVII. Grapsus, Lam. 147. G. plicatus. LXXIV. CoRYSTES, Leach. 148. C. cassivelaunus. Pennant. XLIV. Dromia, Fabr. 150. D. Rhumphii, Bosc. LI. Porcellana, Lam. 151. P. cristata. 152. P. longicornis, Penn. 153. P. platycheles, Penn. 154. 155, 156, P. (undetermined.) LII. Pagurus, Latr. 157. P. longicarpus, Say. 158. P. Prideauxii, Desm. 159. P. vittatus, Bosc* J 60. P. striatus, Bosc. LXXV. Galathea, Fabr. 161. G. strigosa, Lin. 162. G. squamifera, Montagu. LXXV. Thenus, Leach. 163. T. orientalis. Fab. LXXVI. Gebia, Leach. 165. G. afFmis, Say. LXXVII. HoMARus, M. Ed. 166. H. vulgaris, M. Ed. LVII. AsTACus, Fabr. 167. A. pellucidus, Tellkampf. 168. A. Weigmanni, Erichson. LXXVIII. Crangon, Fabr. 169. C. vulgaris, Fabr. LXI. Pal^mon, Fabr. 170. P. vulgaris. Say. 171. P. serratus, Fabr. 172. P. Jamaicensis, Oliv. 173. P. SQUiLLA, Fabr. 174. P. spinimanus, M. Ed. LXIII. Squilla, Latr. 175. S. monoceros, M. Ed. Making the whole number of genera in the collection seventy-eight, and of spe- cies, one hundred and seventy-five. Macrophthalmus compressipes, Rand., is Gelasimus telescopicus, Owen, Voy. Blossom, pi. 24, fig. 1, and M. podophthalmus, Voy. Bonite, pi. 3, fig. 6, 7. Pachygrapsus parallelus. Rand., is Grapsus Thukuhar, Owen, 1. c, fig. 3. Pagurus decorus. Rand., is P. pictus, Owen, 1. c. fig. 2. Voyage de la Bonite bears date of 1841, and is posterior to both the others, the Voyage of the Blossom being dated in 1839, and Dr. Randall's paper having been 5 30 [April, read before the Academy, June ISth, 1839, although not actually published in the Journal until January, 1840. Prof. Gibbes in stating that several of Dr. Randall's specimens had been lost, has overlooked Xantho intonsus, Rand., which is still in the cabinet of the Academy. But one other species is omitted in Prof. Gibbes' list, Astacus Oregonus, which was lost or destroyed while in the hands of the artist by whom the drawing, published in the eighth volume of the Journal, was made. The Committee to which was referred Mr. Peter A. Browne's paper on the hair of the Ornithorynchus paradoxus, reported that in conse- quence of the author's observations having been already anticipated by a number of distinguished naturalists and others, the Committee deem it inexpedient to recomniend Mr. Browne's paper for publication. In accordance with a resolution offered at last meeting of business, a life membership was conferred on Dr. J. K. Townsend, in return for his numerous valuable contributions to the Cabinet, at various times. ELECTION. M. Alfred Malherbe, President of the National Academy of Metz, in France, was elected a Correspondent, and Charles M. Wheatley, Esq., of New York, was elected a Member of the Academy. ^pn7 2d. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, dated March 26th, 1S50, acknowledging the receipt of Vol. 3, No. 3, and Vol. 4, Nos. 912, of the Proceedings, and Vol. 8, Part 2, first series of the Journal. Also a letter from Mr. James Deane, offering to prepare for publica- tion in the Journal of the Academy, a paper on the fossils of the new red sandstone of the Connecticut valley. Referred to the Publication Committee. Dr. Morton, on resigning the chair to Mr. Vaux, then read a further continuation of his paper on the size of the brain in the various races of Man. The following is an analysis of this portion of the Memoir : In regard to the diversity of the human species, some ethnologists account for it by supposing changes to be effected by varieties in food, vicissitudes of climate, and other physical agents. Others again attribute the differences to the rise of accidental varieties, by which individuals have been produced, from whom, at first, tribes, then races and nations have sprung in succession. If, therefore, we suppose all mankind to have been originally white, the hypo- thesis would necessarily require that negroes must be a mere accidental variety. This is Dr. Prichard's view of the case. 1850.] 31 Dr. Morton said analogical reasoning, based upon the known changes which occur among the lower animals, would lead us into error if applied to Man. For instance, the Reindeer of Lapland do not change in the slightest particular after long domestication. The Peacock, also, has not varied during thousands of years, unless some few tints originally perfectly blue may have become green- ish. Other instances of this kind might be enumerated. Again, some animals in a very short time, in two or three generations, become entirely changed in color, as the Guinea pig and the turkey. Sometimes even the anatomical structure undergoes material changes under the influence of do- mestication ; for instance, in the common pigeon, {Columba livia,) the sheep and the dog. He particularly directed attention to the fact that some animals in the uitia and Facliydermata. For the present, the authors of the memoir propose to give only a general and provisional description, as the basis of a full report on a future occasion. The follow^ing species are particularly noticed. 1. Palaeotherium ? Proutii. These remarkable remains are thus named ia compliment to Dr. Prout, of St. Louis, who first noticed them in the American Journal of Science and Arts. The generic characters, however, are not yet satis- factorily decided. 2. Another species is allied to Ckasropotamtcs, and still more to Hyracotherium, but is probably distinct. The bones, skulls, and teeth of this animal were found, with the greater part of the other remains, in a flesh-colored calcareous marl. t850.] 67 Mr. Evans' reports have' traced the cretaceous formation, with its characteristic fossils, from the mouth of the Iowa river to about 300 miles below the Yellow Stone. In this region of country, and west 130 miles from Pierre Chouteau, (on the Missouri four miles above Teton river,) Mr. Evans noticed the following fossils : Nucula Hammeri ?, Ammonites Conradi, Morton, Inoceramus Crispii? Inoceramus planus, Inoceramus mytilloides ?, Inoceramus Cuvieri, Nautilus De- kayi, Morton, CucuUcDa vulgaris, Morton, Pholadomya occidentalis, Morton, Gryphcea Pitcheri, Morton. Also two species of Avicula, a Lucina, a Pyrula?, several undetermined spe- cies of Ammonites and Baculites, two species of Scaphites, and a Diceras ? On Sage creek, a southern tributary of the Chayenne, heading on the " bad lands," Mr. Evans obtained three species of Inoceramus, two of Ammonites, Nau- tilus Dekayi, Cucullcea vulgaris, &c. August 2Wi. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. The Committee to which was referred Mr. Cassin's paper, read at last meeting, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Descriptions of new s-pecies of Birds of the genera Paradisea, Pastor, and Bnceros, and a yrofosition to re-name others of the genera Alcyone and Hi- rmido. By John Cassin. 1. Paradisea Wilsonii, nobis. Form. Specimen about to be described probably not fully adult, somewhat mutilated, skin of the hinder part of the head wanting. Plumage compact, with elongated feathers from the sides of the neck, and two plumes having their origin at the base of the tail, which latter are curved into circles of about one inch diameter. First primary spurious, third and fourth longest and nearly equal. Exposed portion of the plumage of the back, thread-like ; feathers on the belly broad and truncate. Subgenerically related to Paradisea magnifica. Lath, Dime7isions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 7J in., wing 31, tail \h inches. Co/o;,s. Back crimson, which color is completely enclosed by an edging of black, and forms a somewhat cordate mantle. Large nuchal spot pale yellow. Front and chin black. Wing coverts and quills hair brown, greater coverts and primaries narrowly edged, secondaries and tertiaries broadly edged with crimson, some of the more exposed tertiaries almost entirely of this color, and tipped with black. Tail and coverts above and below bail brown. Ornamental plumes of the tail steel blue. Elongated feathers on the side of the neck black, with a beautiful coppery lustre, and tipped with bright green; Under parts from the neck to the abdomen silky green, the feathers brown at their bases, and having intermedial (between the brown and the green colors) triangular spots of a deeper glossy green, inclining to blue upon the neck and breast; truncate feathers of the sides and belly tipped with deep shining green, posterior part of abdomen dull brownish black. Hab. New Guinea? 68 [Aug Obs. This very handsome Paradise bird is one of the most valuable and inter- esting of the many contributions to the collection of this Academy, made by Mr. Edward Wilson, of Lydstip house, Pembrokeshire, to whom I have taken the liberty of dedicating it, as a slight acknowledgment of his valuable services to the cause of the zoological sciences in this country. This species is a congener of Paradisea magnifica. Lath., but does not resemble that, nor any other known species to an extent sufficient to render special designa- tion necessary. All the species are in the collection of the Academy. The specimen now described was obtained by Mr. Wilson in England, but bears no label indicating locality. It is probably not fully adult. Pastor nigrocinctus, nobis. Form. Specimen now about to be described much mutilated, cranium de- stroyed and skin of the head much injured, nearly the whole of the vfing feathers and legs wanting. Feathers of the hind head somewhat elongated, exposed por- tion of the plumage of the rump and tail coverts filiform, t^iil feathers broad, rather abruptly terminated and slightly acuminated. Aberrant, possibly a Gracula. Dimenaions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 8 inches, tail 3 inches. Colors. Head (entirely?), broad band completely encircling the middle of the body ; (wings ?) and tail black with a greenish metallic lustre. Broad band encircling the anterior third portion of the body, including breast and neck above and below, and another broad band encircling the posterior third portion of the body including abdomen, rump, aud tail coverts, saffron yellow, paler on the under tail coverts. Bill yellow. Hah. New Guinea ? Ohs. I have seen two specimens only of this bird, one of which is in a museum at Albany; the other is the property of the Academy, and is the specimen now before me. Both were imported by lAx. J. G. Bell, of New York, deservedly well known as a naturalist and taxidermist, by whom the species was first pointed out to me as probably undescribed, and who has also had the kindness to inform me that he received them with skins of Paradise birds. They are mutilated in the same manner as those usually are, and have been subjected to similar methods of pre- servation ; from which facts I have inferred that they may be from New Guinea. 3. "Buceros Fisttdator, nobis. Form. Very similar to that of Buceros Buccinator, Temm., but is much smaller. Specimen now described probably not fully adult, bill nearly simple. Comparative Dime7isio7is. B. Buccinator. B. Fistulator. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 25 inches, 17 inches. Wing, 12 " 9i " Tail, lOJ Ih " Colors. Very similar to those of Buceros Buccinator, Temm. Lower medial part of breast, abdomen, thighs, under tail coverts, inferior wing coverts, tips of secondary and tertiary quills, and tips of external tail feathers, white, all other parts black with a greenish lustre. Hab. Western Africa. 1850.] 69 Obs. Two specimens of the bird now described are in the collection, one ol which presented by Mr. Edward Verreaux, of Paris, has the plumage of an adult bird, though its bill is without appendages. In all other respects both specimens are very similar to B. Buccinator, Temm., PI. Col. 270, but are so much smaller that I cannot think it possible they are young birds of that species.] 4. Alcyone Les-tonii, nobis. ' Ceyx azurea, Less." " Alcedo azurea, Lath." Lesson, Voy. Coquille, L p. 690. Form. Much resembling that of Alcyone azurea, (Lath.) Gould B. of Aust. II, pi. 25, but is larger ; the bill is much thicker and wider. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 6j in- ches, wing 34-, tail \h inches. Colors. Generally resembling those of A. azurea, but upon the upper surface of the body are of a deeper and more uniform blue. Entire plumage above deep azure blue, which color extends somewhat upon the sides of the breast. Quills and tail beneath brownish black, the former narrowly edged exteriorly with blue. Small narine spots and another large spot on each side of the neck, yellowish white. Throat nearly white, all the other under parts of the body deep fawn yellow inclining to reddish on the sides. Hah. Havre de Dorey, New Guniea. Ohs. This species is described by Mons. Lesson, as above, but is quite different from the A. azurea or either of the other nearly allied Australian species, being decidedly larger and in all respects more robustly organized. It is not figured in Voy. Coquille, though a complete description is given. One specimen only is in the collection of the Academy, which is another of the valuable acquisitions made in Paris by Mr. Edward Wilson. 5. H.irundo Goiddii, nobis. Hirundo frontalis, Gould. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1837, p. 22, and Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 40, (1S41.) Obs. I propose to apply this name, Hirundo Gouldii, to the species described by Mr. Gould as above in 1837; the name given by him, Hirundo frontalis, having been previously applied to another species by Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. Astro labe, Zoologie I, p. 204, (1830.) Several specimens of both species are in the collection of the Academy. The Committee to which was referred a paper by Drs. D. D. Owen, and B. F. Shumard, describing new species of Crinoidea from the sub- carboniferous limestone of Iowa, &,c., reported in favor of publication in the Journal. A letter was read from Dr. J. H. Troschel, Professor of Zoology in the University of Bonn, and present editor of the Archiv. fiir Natur- geschichte, announcing the transmission to the Academy of recent numbers of that work, and expressing his desire to exchange for the publications of the Academy, and requesting permission to make trans- lations of papers from the latter for insertion in his work. Whereupon 70 [Aur.. it was on motion ordered, that the Editor of the " Archiv. fiir Natur- geschichte " bo placed upon the exchange list of the Journal. Dr. Morton announced the late decease of Prof. Gerard Troost, at Nashville, Tenn., at a very advanced age. The deceased was the first elected President of this Institution. 1850.] ''1 DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In July and August, 1850. July 16th. Lepidodendrum obovatum,from Sharp Mountain, Stony Creek, Penn.; Sigillaria -, from do.; Phosphate of Lead, Sulphuret of Silver, Fluor spar on Quartz, and Antimonial Silver ore, from Saxony ; Pyruite, Tungstate of Iron, and Oxide of Tin, from Bohemia; Blende and Boracite, from Hungary; magnetic Oxide of Iron, from Saxony ; Arragonite and Albin, from Bohemia; Carbonate with Sul- phuret of Iron, from Bavaria ; Sulphate of Barytes, and red Ua'matite of Iron, from Saxony. Presented by Mr. Theo. F. Moss. A collection of minerals from the Plumbago mine, near Feasterville, Bucks co., Penn. From Mr. Joseph M. Cardeza, of Philadelphia. Juhj 23d. A small collection of Lepidoptera, from California. From Dr. A. L. Heeiman. A collection of four hundred and fifty specimens of European and South Ameri- can Lepidoptera. From Mr. Becker, of Paris, in exchange. August 6th. Fine specimes of Phosphate of Lead, and of Carbonate of Lead, from Phoenix- ville, Chester co., Penn. From Mr. J. Christman. A skeleton of Gallus communis, of remarkably large size. From Mr. John Lambert. One Mormon fratercula, young, Europe: two Hybrids of Canary and European Goldfinch ; two Eggs of Hamatopus palliatus, United States ; four of Fringilla maritima, do.; one of Sterna stolida, do.; three of Sterna acuflavida, do.; four of Corydalina bicolor, do. From Dr. A. L. Heerman. Picusquerulus, (mounted) near Philadelphia; Picus erythrocephalus, do. From Mr. W. Wood. Five specimens of Echinus, one of Sabellaria, and fifty-seven specimens of British shells of the following genera, Solen, Anomia, Mactra, Cardium,Lucina, Anatifa, Anodonta, Chiton, iMurex, Balanus ; three bottles containing MoUusca, Crustacea, andEchinodermata, in Goadby's solution ; all from Pembrokeshire. From Messrs. Edward T. Wilson, and Charles W. Wilson, Pembrokeshire. Fourteen specimens of Echinodermata, from New Zealand, of the genera Ophiura, Goniaster, Palmipes, Asterias, Scutella ; one specimen of Coral from the Pacific Ocean. From Mr. Warwick, and Mr. Argent, of London. One specimen Salmo umbla, from Lake Windermere. From Mr. Eyton, of England. Two eggs of Coturnix excalfactoria, from N. S. Wales, two of Charadrius xan- thochilus, do. J two of Leucosarcia picata, do. From M. Jules P. Verreaux, of Paris. One sternum of Circus cyaneus, two sterna of Falco tinnunculus, one of Astur iiisus, two of Buteo vulgaris var. albidus, one of Milvus regalis, one of Strix, one of Parus major, one of Parus cceruleus, one of Sylvia atricapilla, one of Turdus musicus, one of Turdus merula, one of Sylvia suecica, one of Loxia oxyzivora, one of Loxia coccothraustes, one of Vidua paradisea, one of Fringilla domestica, one of Fringilla cucullata, one of Euplectes ignicapilla % , Africa, one of Upupa epops, one of Cuculus canorus, one of Picus tricolor ^ ' three of Psittacus, one of Petit perruche a ailes Bleus, one of Cacatoes, two of Ortyx virginianus, one of Pavo ciistatus, two of Phasianus pictus, one of Phasianus colchicus var. white, one of Phasianus torquatus, one of Tetrao scoticus, one of Ardea cinerea, one of Anas boschas, one of Anas ferina, two of Anas tadorna, one of Anas crecca, one of Gallinula porzana, and five unnamed. From Mons. De la Berge. 72 [Aug, hjkulc-ton ol Tunu-iis ulbocristatus ; Eggs of Stiix aluco, Irotn Algiers, Aquila uudax, Ceithia familial is, France, Certhia costa, Italy. Also skins of Vulpes velox, Lepus californicus. Mephitis marpurito / Sciurus Douglasii, Mus leuco- pus?; all from Calilornia. From Dr. Thomas B. Wilson. Augzc&t loth. Very beautiful specimen of Crystallized Sulphate of Barytes, from Eldridge mine. Buckingham county, Virginia. From Mr. J. Parker Norris, through J. Dickinson Sergeant, Esq. Specimen, in spirits, of Octopus . Presented by Mr. Cassin. August 20tk. Dr. Wilson {)resented seventeen cases containing 7-57 bottles of fishes and reptiles in spirits, 177 fishes in skin, nine Serpents, eight toads, ten tortoises, and one hun- dred Quadrupeds, in skin ; being the types of the figures and descriptions in the Fauna Italica of Prince C. L. Bonaparte. A collection of minerals from St. Lawrence county. New York. From Frank- lin B. Hough, M. D., of Somerville, N. Y. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In July and AuGust, 1850. JuIt/ 2d, Notice of the Gypsum of Plaister Cove in the Strait of Canseau. By J. W. Dawson, Esq. From the author. A lexicon of '1 erms used in Natural History. By W. S. W. Ruschenberger, M. D. 8vo. From the author. New species of Myliobates from the Eocene of South Carolina, with other genera not hitherto observed in the United States. By R. W. Gibbes, M*.D. From the author. F. C. Haugsted, M. D. Thymi in homine ac perseriem animalium descriptio anatomica. 12mo. From Dr. Morton. Marcelli Malpighi de structura Viscerum. 12mo. From the same. Bernard! S. Albani historia Musculorum Hominis. 4to. From the same. Nicolai Hobokeni anatoraia Secundinas Humanas. 12mo. F.om the same. Antonii Nuck Sialographia et ductuumaguosorum anatome nova. 12mo. From the same. Halleri opuscula anatomica de respiratione, de Monstris, &c. 12mo. From the same. Benedicti Stilling disquisitiones de structura Protuberantia; annularis vel Pontii Varolii. Folio. From the same. An illustrated system of Human Anatomy. By S. G. Morton, M. D. Royal Svo. From the same. The following were presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson, on the usual condition : Narrative of a Whaling voyage round the World from 1833 to 1835. By F. D. Bennett, Esq. 2 vols. Svo. A familiar introduction to the History of Insects. By Edward Newman. Svo. Petralogy : a treatise on Rocks. By J. Pinkerton. 2 vols. Svo. A descriptive catalogue of the fossil organic remains of Scarborough and its vicinity. Svo. Geological and mining report on the Leinster Coal District. By Richard Grif- fith, Jr., Esq. Svo. Geological and Mining Survey of the Connaught Coal District in Ireland. By R. Griffith, Jr.. Esq. Svo, 1850.] ' 73 A descriptive catalogue of the British specimens deposited in the Geological collection of the Royal Institution. Svo. Description methodique du Cabinet de I'Ecole Royale des Mines. Par M. Sage. Svo. Topography : or the Beauties of Nature ^displayed. By Wm. Wood. 3 vols. Svo. Researches in South Africa. By the Rev. John Philip, D. D. 2 vols, in one. Svo. A treatise on Primary Geology. By Henry S. Boase, M. D. Svo. British Song-Birds. By Neville Wood, Esq. ]2mo. Traite elementaire de Mineralogie avec des applications aux arts. By Alex. Brongniart. 2 vols. Svo. Account of a voyage for the discovery of the N. W. Passage by Hudson Straits to the Western and Southern Ocean of America, in 1746 and 1747, in the Ship Ca- lifornia. The dangerous voyage of Capt. Thomas James in his intended discovery of a N. W. Passage into the South Sea. 2d edition, (in one vol. Svo.) Sections and vievi^s illustrative of Geological Phenomena. By Henry T. de la Beche. 4to. A new system of Mineralogy. By Wm. Babington, M. D. 4to. " Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux par le Comte BufTon," and " les Planches Enluminees," systematically disposed. By Thomas Pennant. 4to. Notes on the Statistics and Natural History of the Island of Rathlin off the Northern Coast of Ireland. By J. D. Marshall, M. D. 4to. Description of Chiasognathus Grantii. By J. F. Stephens. Vindiciae Geologicse. By the Rev. William Buckland. De characteribus fossilium externis. Auctore M. J. C. Gehler. Instructions for collecting and preserving various objects of Natural History. By E. Donovan. Svo. A Portrait of Geology. By a Fellow of the Geological Society. Svo. A day's ramble in and about the ancient town of Lewes. By Gideon A. Man- tell. 12mo. An account of the Mining Districts of Alston Moor, Weardale and Teesdale, in Cumberland and Durham. By T. Sopwith. 12mo. An account of the Museum of Economic Geology and Mining Records Office. By T. Sopwith. 12mo. A Guide to Geology. By John Phillips. 12mo. Letters concerning the Natural History of the Basalts of the Northern Coast of the County of Antrim. By the Rev. Wm. Hamilton. 12mo. A brief treatise on Geology. By Biblicus Delvinus. 2d edition. 12mo. Naturales Curiosae. 12mo. The Geologist's Text Book. By David T. Ansted. 12mo. Ornithologia, or the Birds ; a Poem, in two parts. By James Jennings. Svo. The History, Antiquities, &c., of Eastern India. By Montgomery Martin. 3 vols. Svo. A System of Geology, By John Macculloch, M. D. 2 vols. Svo. The question concerning the sensibility, intelligence and instinctive actions of Insects. By David Badham, M. D. Svo. An account of the Caves of Ballybunian, County of Kerby. By Wm. Ains- worth, Esq. Svo. Charters, By-Laws and Ordinances of the Royal College of Surgeons in London. Svo. Lectures on Entomology. By John B. Burton. Researches in Assyria, Babylonia and Chaldea. By Wm. Ainsworth. Svo. Traite elementaire de Geologic, Mineralogie et Geognosie. Par M. G. Bar- ruel. Svo. A Chronological History of Voyages into the Arctic regions. By John Bar- row. Svo. The last voyage of Capt. Sir John Ross, R. N., to the Arctic regions in 1839 '33. By Robert Huish. Svo. A treatise on the Coal Trade. By Robert Edington. 2d edition. Svo. 11 74 [Aug A brief narrative of an unsuccessful attempt to reach Repulse Bay in H. M. Ship Griper in 1824. By Capt. G. F. Lyon, R. N. Svo. A Geographical, Statistical and Historical description of the District or Zila of Dinajpur, in Bengal. By Dr. F. Buchanan (Hamilton.) Svo. History of the voyages and discoveries made in the North: translated from the German of J. R. Forster. 4to. A voyage towards the North Pole undertaken in 1773. By Constantine J. Phipps. 4to. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the Physiological series of Comparative Anatomy contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in London. 5 vols. 4to. Catalogue of Calculi and other animal concretions contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 4to. Lectures on Natural Philosophy. By Richard Barton, B.D. 4to. A Missionary Voyage to the South Pacific Ocean in 179G '97 and '9S, in the Ship Duff, Capt. James Wilson. 4to. Voyage Mineralogique et Geologique en Hongarie pendant Pannee 1818. Par F. S. Beudant. 4 vols. 4to. Letter to the Earl of Derby on the management of the Zoological Society of London. By Lovell Reeve. Remarks on the Anglo-Asiatic Society of British India : addressed to William Wilberforce, Esq. Instructions for collecting and preserving Insects, particularly Moths and But- terflies. Catalogue of the Animals of North America. By John R. Forster. Catalogue of British Lepidopterous Insects, (Havvorth.) Catalogue of the collection of British and Foreign Insects of the late A. H. Haworth, Esq. Jacobi A. Melle de Lapidibus figuratis Agri Littorisque Lubecencis. Mr. Lee's lecture on the affinities of Plants and Animals. An address delivered at the first annual meeting of the Geological Society of Dublin, Sth February, 1832. By the Rev. Bartholomew Lloyd, D. D. Remarks on the probable origin and antiquity of the aboriginal natives of New South Wales. Observations on the Natural History of two species of Wasps. By the Rev. E. Bigge. Facts and arguments in favor of a new expedition to the shores of the Arctic Ocean. By Richard King. Speculations in Astro-Geology. By D. Nicol, Esq., M. D. Narrative of the Proceedings of the Committee appointed by the adventurers to procure the discovery of the passage to the Western Coast of America. Statistical]Notes on Chusan. By Lieut, Ouchterlong. The inaugural address delivered by Rod. Impey Murchison, Esq., at the first meeting of the Dudley and Midland Geological Society, January 17, 1842. Supplement to the Flora Metropolitan. By Daniel Cooper. The pleasures of Ornithology. A Poem. By James Jennings. Observations and reflections on the migration, &c., of the Swallow. Bewick's portraits of the Lion, Tiger, Zebra, and Elephant. July 16?/j. Catalogue of operculated Land-shells in the collection of John H. Redfield, 1850. From the author. Zeitschrift fur Malacozoologie. Von K. T. Menke, M. D., und L. Pfeiffer. Nos. 1, 2, 1850. From Dr. Wilson. The London Athenaeum for May, 1850. From the same. A system of Mineralogy. By J. D. Dana. 3d edition. 8vo. From the author. American Journal of Science and Arts. 2d series. No. 28. July, 1850. From the Editors. Sixty-third Annual Report of the Regents of the University of New York. Svo. From the Regents. 1850.] 75 A(lclrei?s on the Rubjcct of an Expetlition to the South Seas. By J. N. Reynolds. Svo. From Dr. Morton. Review of Dr. Drake's work on the Diseases of the interior valley of North America. By B. Dowler, M. D. From the author. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Illustrations of the Botany and other branches of the Natural History of the Himalaya Mountains. By J. F. Royle, M. D. Parts 1 to 11. 4to. Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the organic remains of Mammalia and Birds in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 4to. Entomographia Imperii Rossici. Auctore G. Fischer. Vols. 1, 2, 3. 4to. Antonii Bertolini, M. D., Amosnitates Italicas. 4to. J. T. Klein Quadrupedum dispositio brevisque historia naturalis. 4to. Musceum Kercherianum, sive MusrEurn A. P. Athanasio Kirchero in Collegio Romano Soc. Jesu: oblatum A. P. Philippo Bonanni. Folio. Hortus ClifFortianus. Auctore C. Linnaeo. Folio. Conchologia fossile sub-appenina. Di G. Brocchi. 2 vols. 4to. A catalogue of Cumberland animals. By John Heysham, M. D. De Pulmonum quadruplicitate. Auctore jEmelius Huschke. Beytrage zur Geschichte der Amphibien, von Blasius Merrem. Nos. 1, 2, 3. 4to. Le Regne Animal divise en IX classes. Par M. Brisson. 4to. Die Versteinerungen des Braunkohlensandsteins aus der Gegend von Altsattel in Bohmen. Von E. A. Rossmassler. Part 1. Svo. Notes on Norway, made in 1836. By William D. Hooke, M. D. 2d edition. 8vo. C. Linnaei, M. D. Fundamenta Botanica. Considerations generales sur I'ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des Crustaces, des Arachnides et des Insectes. Par P. Latreille. Svo. The Butterfly collector's Vade-mecum. 3d edition. 12mo. La nature consideree dans plusieurs de ses operations. Par M. Defay. Svo. Beytrag zur Naturgeschichte der Vogel Kurlands mit gemalten Kupfern. Von J. M. G. Besecke. 12mo. Beitrage zur Ornithologie des Bodenseebeckens. Von H. Walckner. The management of Bees. By Samuel Bagster, Jr. 12mo. The Book of Butterflies, Sphinxes and Moths. By Capt. Thomas Brown. 2 vols. 12mo. Abstracts of the papers printed in the Philosoph. Trans, of the Royal Society of London from 1800 to 1830 inclusive. 2 vols. Svo. List of the specimens of Dipterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 4. 12mo. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Parts 1 to 74. Svo. Madras Journal of Literature and Science. Nos. 21, 22, 25, 28, 29, 31. Calcutta Journal of Natural History. Vol.2. Svo. J. C. Fabricii supplementum Entomologiae systematicae. 7 vols. Svo. Sketches in Spain during the years 1S29, 30, 31, and 32. By Capt. S. E. Cook, R, N. 2 vols. Svo. Thoughts on a pebble, or first lessons in Geology. By G. A. Mantell. Sth edition. Description des Oiseaux : suivie d'un expose de Part de les preparer et de les conserver. Par M. Achille Comte. Svo. Illustrations of the land and fresh water Conchology of Great Britain and Ire- land. By Capt. Thomas Brown. Svo. The Natural History and antiquities of Northumberland. By John Wallis. 2 vols. 4to. On the growth of the Salmon in Fresh water. By William Yarrell. Fauna Japonica. Auctore P. F. Von Siebold. Aves. Nos. 9, 10, 11. Folio. An index to the Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy from 1780 to 1813. By Nicholas Carlisle. 4to. A narrative of Travels in Northern Africa in 1SJ8, '19, '20. By Capt. G. F. Lyon, R. N. 4to. 76 [Auo. A continuation of the Alphabetical Index to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 4to. 1833. Description of the fossil skull of an Ox, discovered in May, 1838, at Melksham, Wilts, with a geological sketch of the river Avon, in which it was found. By Henry Woods. History of the Royal Society of London from its institution to the end of the 18th century. By Thomas Thomson, M. D. 4to. An account of the Pelew Islands, compiled from the papers of Capt. Henry Wilson. By George Keate, Esq. 2d edition. 4to. Verhandeling over de vereischten vau Naturkundige Afbeeldingen, door H. Schlegel. Gleanings in Science. 3 vols. 8vo. Manuel du Naturaliste. Par M. Duchesne. 2d edition. 4 vols. 8vo. Dictionnaire classique d'histoire naturelle. 17 vols. 8vo. Rapport general sur les questions relatives a la domestication et a la naturali- zation des animaux utiles. Par M. Isidore Geoffrey St. Hilaire. Conspectus systematis Mastozoologice, 2d edition, 1850 ; Conspectus Systemat. Ichthyologiae, 2d edition, 1850; Conspectus Syst. Ornithologiae, 2d edition, lb49, and 3d edition, 1S50 ; (C. L. Bonaparte,) (in tabular form.) From the author. Conspectus generum Avium (C. L. Bonaparte.) pp. ICl 234. From the author. Drafts for a Fauna Indica, (families Trogonids and Motacillidce.) By E. Blyth. From the author. Spicilegia Zoologica: or figures and descriptions of new and unfigured animals. By Jno. Edward Gray. From the author. The Zoological Miscellany. By J. E. Gray. Nos. 1 and 2. From the author. Descriptions and figures of some new Lepidopterous insects, chiefly from Nepal. By George R. Gray. From the author. Illustrations of the Linnaean genera of Insects. By William Wood. 2 vols. ]2mo. From the author. Synopsis of the Hunterian Lectures on the generation and development of the vertebrated animals, delivered by Prof. Richard Owen in 1850. From the author. Synopsis of the arrangement of the preparations in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. From Prof. Owen. Memoir of William Clift. 8vo. From the same. On the various applications of anastatic printing and Papyrography. By P. H. de la Motte. 8vo. From W. Strickland, Esq. The Bath and Bristol Magazine, or Western Miscellany. 3 vols. Svo. From Mr. Lasbury. Proceedings of the Ashmolean Society, Oxford. Nos. 1 to 26. From the Society. Catalogue of the Ashmolean Museum. From the same. The Dublin University Museum, 1846, '47 and '48. From Robert Ball, Esq. Annual reports of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society from 1S25 to 1S48 in- clusive. From the Society. Laws of the same, 1839; and objects and laws of the same. From the same. Address delivered at the annual meeting of the Liverpool Royal Institution, Feb. 1850. From the Institution. Catalogue of the animals in the Museum of the Zoological Society of London, Sept. 1829. By Burnett From George R. Waterhouse, Esq. Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Zoological Society of Lon- don. By George R. Waterhouse. 2d edition, 1838. Supplement to same, 1839. From the same. A catalogue of British Birds. By T. C. Eyton, Esq. Svo. From the author. Supplement to the Ornithological Dictionary, or Synopsis of British Birds. By George Montague, Esq. 8vo. From T. C. Eyton, Esq. A statistical view of the principal public libraries of Europe and America. By Edward Edwards, Esq. 3d edition. From the author. 1S50.] 77 A Synopsis of the Silurian fossils of Ireland. By R. Griffith and F. McCoy. 4to, From R. Griffith, Esq. Synopsis of the character of the Carboniferous limestone fossils of Ireland. 4to. From the same. Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the constitution and management of the British Museum. Folio. From Dr. Wilson. July 23d. The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson of Pembrokeshire, Wales : Papers and correspondence relating to the Arctic expedition under Sir John Franklin. Folio. Institutions of Entomology. By Thomas Patterson Yeates. 8vo. Ireland's natural history. Written by Gerard Boate, and published by Samuel Hartlib, Esq. Svo. The general contents of the British Museum. 2d edition. 12mo. Elemens d'Oryctologie, ou distribution methodique des fossiles. Par M. B. C. P. de la C. de P. Svo. Directions for collecting and preserving exotic insects and Crustacea. By Geo. Samouelle. 12mo. Catalogue de la collection d'Orchidees de M. Pescatore. 12mo. A companion for the London Museum and Pantherion. By William Bullock. 17th edition. 12mo. Ichthyologia et nomenclatura animalium marinorum, &c., qu,-E in Florentisimis Ducatibus Slesveci et Holsatiae et celeb. Emporio Hamburgo occurrunt triviales. Auctore S. A. Schonevelde, D. M. 4to. J. F. Blumenbachii de quorundam animantium Coloniis commentatio. Quasdam de ossibus fossilibus animalis, cujusdamhistoriam ejus et cognitionem accuratiorum illustrantia. Auctore J. C. Rosenmueller. Monita qunedara de speciebus nigris Ichneumonum. Auctore Henrico Steffiins. Anatomische Untersuchungen fiber die Clione borealis. H. Carl Holboll. Opuscula Entomologica. Auctore J. C. Shaeffer. De Bursas Fabricii origine. Auctore iEmilius Huschke, M. D. A nomenclature of British Birds. By James Argent. Notices of insects injurious to vegetation. By various authors. A letter to Benjamin Hawes, Esq., M. P., being strictures on the evidence taken by the select committee on the British Museum. By E. Edwards. Laws of the Botanic Garden, Liverpool, May, 1836. Memoirs of the Mammoth and other bones of nondescript animals found in the Ohio, Mississippi, and other rivers. By T. Ashe, Esq. Description of an extensive collection of specimens of Natural History from South Africa. By A. Steedman. 3d edition. First letter to Lord John Russel ; misrepresentations of H. M. Commissioners exposed. By the Rev. J. Forshall. Dissertatio medico-inauguralis, sistens Coleopterorum species Agri Halensis. Auctor E. A Nicolai. Notices of subjects of Natural History. By F. L. Naccari. Catalogue of the generic and sub-generic types of the class Aves, arranged ac- cording to the natural system. Thirty engravings of Portraits of distinguished Naturalists and others : and one engraving of the second vertebra of Elephas dentata. August 6th. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Herausgeg. von Dr. F. H. Troschel. Vol. 15. Nos. 1 and 2. From the editor. Central Committee for the United States on the exhibition of industry of all nations, to be held in London in 1851. From Prof. Walter R. Johnson. Experimental researches in Electricity. 23d series. By Michael Faraday. From the author. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : 78 [Aug. Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d series. Vol.20. No. 1. July, ISfjO. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. No. 22. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Vol. XL Part 1. Etudes sur les Ecliinides fossiles. Par M. Gustave Cotteau. 4nno. Liv. The annals and magazine of Natural History. Vol. 5. 2d series. Nos. 29 and 30. A History of British MoUusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Hanley. Parts 27 and 29. Annales des Sciences naturelles. 3"^^ serie. Oct. Nov., 1849. Contributions to Ornithology. By Sir WiUiana Jardine. Parts 1 and 2. 1850. Histoire nature! le des INIollusques. Par M. Ferussac ; continue par G. P. Deshayes. 37me. liv. Zoology of the Voyage of the Samarang. No. 6. MoUusca, part 2. Conchologia i'^onica. By Lovell Reeve, Esq. Nos. 85, 86. The genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday : continued by J. O, Westwood. Part 32. Cours elementaire de Paleontologie et de Geologie statigraphiques. Par M. Alcide D'Orbigny. Vol. 1. Svo., and Atlas. Prodrome de Paleontologie statigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnes, faisant suite au Cours elementaire de Paleontologie par M. A. D'Orbigny. Vol. 1. Svo. Musajum Adolpho-Fridericanum. AuctoreLaurentiusBalk fil. Sponsalia Plan- tarum. Auctore J. G. Wahlborn. (in one vol. 4to.) Entomostraca ; seu insecta testacea, quae in aquis Daniae et Norvegiae reperit, descripsit, &c. Otho Frid. MuUer. 4to. British Moths and their transformations. Arranged &c. by J. N. Humphreys, with descriptions by J. 0. Westwood, Esq. 2 vols. 4to. Denkschriften der k. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Munich, 1808 ]824. 9 vols. 4to. August 20lh. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 3, Nos. 9 12; Vol. 4, Nos. 1 4. From the editor. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Essai sur Phistoire naturelle de Pile de St. Domingue. Par Nicholson. Svo. Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France. Par J. Drapar- naud. Svo. Nouvelles experiences sur la Vipere. Par Moyse Charas. 2d edition. ffiuvres Entoraologiques de Eschscholtz. Tome 1. Entomographien. Svo. Centurie d'lnsectes, contenant plusieurs genres nouveaux decrits dans sa col- lection. Par G. Kirby. Svo. Agri Romani historia naturalis ; a Philippo A. Gilij concinnata. Part 1. Tome 1. Ornithologia. Svo. Histoire naturelle des Salamandres de France. Par P. A. Latreille. 8vo. Monographiae Ammoniteorum et Goniatiteorum specimen. Auctore Gulielmo De Haan. Svo. Anatomia comparata Nervi sympathetic^ Auctore E. H. Weber, M. D. Svo. Philosophic entomologique. Par. J. Flor St. Amans. Svo. Epistolae ineditae Caroli Linnaei : addita parte Commercii litterarii inediti, im- primis circa rem botanicam, J. Burmani, Dillenii, J. Gesneri, Pallasii, &c. : annees 1736 '93. Edidit H. C. Van Hall. Svo. Versuch einer voUstiindigen Conchylienkenntniss nach Lin. Syst. Herausgeg : von Karl Schreibers. 2 vols. Svo. De la Physiologie dans ses rapports avec la Philosophic. Par J. J. Virey. Svo. Philosophic de I'Histoire naturelle. Par J. J. Virey. Svo. Bibliographic Entomologique. Par A. Percheron. 2 vols. Svo. Monographic des Passales, et des genres qui en ont ete separes. Par A. Per- cheron. Svo. 1850.] 79 Manuel d'histoire naturelle, pour servir de suite aux Legons Elementaires d'hist. nat. a I'usage des jeunes gens. Redige par le P. Cotte. Svo. Etudes Entonnologiques. Par F. L, De Laporte. Ime partie, Carnassiers. Svo. Notice historique sur les ouvrages et la vie de M. le Baron Cuvier. Par G. L. Duvernoy. Svo. Johannis Gesneri, M. D., tractatus physicus de Petrefactis. Svo. Dissertations sur I'organe de I'Ouie. Par M. Geoffroy. Svo. Elennens d'Histoire naturelle. Par A. L. Millin. 3me ed. Anatomie des systemes nerveux des Animaux a vertebres; appliquee a la Phy- siologic et a la Zoologie. Par A. Desmoulins, M. D. 2 vols. Svo. Mennoires pour servir a I'Hist. de Cayenne et de la Guiane Frangoise. Par M. Bajon. 2 vols. Svo. Enumerationis Fossilium quae in omnibus Galliae Provinciis reperiuntur ten- tamina. Auctore A. J. D. Dargenville. Svo. Recherches sur I'organisation vertebrale des Crustaces, des Arachnidesj et des Insectes. Par J. B. Robineau-Desvoidy, M. D. Svo. Catalogue descriptif et methodique des Annelides et des mollusques de Pile de Corse. Par B. C. Payrandeau. Svo. Histoire des Peches, des decouverts et des Etablissemens des Hollandais dans les Mers du Nord. Par le Barnard de Reste. 3 vols. Svo. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Von G. H. Schubert. 5 vols. Svo. Voyage a Madagascar et aux lies Comores (1S23 1S30.) Par B. F. Leguevel de Lacombe. 3 vols. Svo. Schlangenkunde. Von Dr. H. O. Lenz. Svo. Compendio di Elmintografia umana ; compilato da S. delle Chiaje, 2d edition. Svo. Philosophie anatomique. Fragmens sur la structure et les usages des glandes mammaires des Cetaces. Par Etienne Geoff. St. Hilaire. Svo. Musee du Naturaliste. Histoire des Papillons, 1 No. Hist, des Oiseaux, 1 No. Dictionnaire raisonne &c., des termes usites dans les Sciences Naturelles. Par A. J. L. Jourdan. 2 vols. Svo. Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie. Von J. F. Blumenbach. Svo. Essai sur une monographic des Zygenides. Par M. J. A, Boisduval. Svo. Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la structure intime des animaux et des vegetaux. Par M. H. Dutrochet. Svo. Sur la Mineralogie et la Geologie du Department des Hautes Alpes. Par Emile Gueymard. Svo. Tableau methodique et descriptif des Mollusques terrestres et d'eau douce de I'Agenais. Par J. B. Gassies. Svo. Essai sur les Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles des Vosges. Par Ernest Puton; Svo. P. Boddart, M. D. Elenchus Animalium. Tome 1. Svo. Die Urvelt und die Firsterne. Von Dr. G. H, Schubert. Svo. Catalogue raisonne d'objets d'Hist. nat. et d'instrumens de physique qui com- posent le Cabinet de M. de Montribloud. Svo. Systematisches Verzeichniss aller bes jeztbekannten Saugethiere oder Synopsis Mammalium. Von Dr. H. Schinz. 2 vols. Svo. , Cours de I'Histoire naturelle des Mammiferes. Par M. Geoff. St. Hilaire. Svo. Histoire naturelle de I'Homme, par M. le Cte. de Lacepede. Par M. le Baron G. Cuvier. Svo. The Natural History of Ireland. Birds. Vol. 2. By William Thompson. Svo. From the author. The doctrine of the Unity of the Human race examined on the principles of Science. By John Bachman, D. D. Svo. From Dr. Morton. % '1 :* :<'-i-; "-,'s^ i^ 1850.] 81 September 3d, 1850. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair, A letter was read from the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institute, dated Washington, August 10th, 1850, acknowledging the reception of Vol. 1st., new series, of the Journal, by that Institiition. A letter was read from Dr. D. D. Owen, addressed to President Morton, dated July 18, 1850, stating the fact as worth}- of record, that the cane (Miegia arundinacea) had this year borne flowers and pro- duced seed in Indiana, a rare occurrence with this plant. Mr. Nuttali, in his " Genera of N. A. Plants," in reference to " M. gigantea?," per- haps a variety of " macrosperma," says, " this species is supposed to flower but once in 20 or 25 years." Mr. Clay observed that this occurrence was not confined to Indiana this year, but was very extensive in the Western States. Similar facts in relation to the flowering of other plants, as the Bamboo, were also adverted to. Mr. Robert Kilvington exhibited a collection of Australian plants, twenty-three in number, which he had raised from seed presented to the Academy by Dr. Charles Nicholson, of Sydney. They were all in a fine healthy condition, and consisted of Acacia rutifolia, A. meloxylon, A. , Aotus villosa, Bossiosa scolopendrium, B. prostrata, B. rotundifolia, Calotis , Calothamnus villosa, Callistachys ovata, Casuarina tenuifolia, Dillwynia ericifolia, D. phylicoides, Hibiscus Richardsonii, Kennedia rubicunda, Indigofera gracilis, Leptospermum australis, Pomaderris discolor, Pultenaea hirsuta, Sphcerolobium vimi- neum, Lamia australis. September 10th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Dr. Morton offered some remarks on the value of the word species in Zoology. On this point there is great diversity of opinion among naturalists. Some deny the law of specific distinctions at least, their arguments lead to this infer- ence. Thus, Lamarck and Geoffroy St. Hilaire insist upon the uninterrupted succession of the animal kingdom the gradual mergence of one species into another, from the earliest ages of time ; and they suppose that the fossil animals whose remains are preserved in the various geological strata, however different from those of our own time, may nevertheless have been the ancestors of those now in being. Sir Charles Lyell has opposed this theory with great ingenuity and general success ; yet whoever will examine the facts and arguments employed by its authors, maybe disposed to admit that it is not altogether devoid of foundation in some exceptions to the general law of Nature. PROCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. V. NO. V. 11 82 [Sept. Somewhat allied to this is the opinion of Swainson and others, that permanent varieties constitute species, or in other words, that variations of climate, food and treatment produce specific distinctions. Species is defined byBuffon, "a succession of similar individuals which re-pro- duce each other." Cuvier's definition is nearly the same ; but he adds that "the apparent difference of the races of our domestic species are stronger than those of any species of the same genus. The fact of the s/tccession, therefore, and of the constant succession, constitutes alone the validity of the species." An objection to these definitions arises from the fact that they apply as readily to mere varieties as to acknowledged species. Certain albino animals re-produce, inter se, to an indefinite extent ; such also is the case with some fanciful varieties of the dog, pigeon, &c., which are capable of multiplying by the law of succes- sion, and yet have no claim to specific distinction, in the restricted acceptation of that term. I have brought together these definitions, in the first place to show that naturalists are by no means agreed upon what constitutes a species, and secondly, to offer some views of my own. As the result of much observation and reflection, I now submit a definition which I hope will obviate at least some of the objections to which I have alluded. Species a primordial organic form. It will be justly remarked that a difficulty presents itself, at the outset, in determining what forms are primordial ; but inde- pendently of various other sources of evidence, we may be assisted in the inquiry by those monumental records, both of Egypt and Assyria, of which we are now happily possessed of the proximate dates. My view may be briefly explained by saying, that if certain existing organic types can be traced back into the "night of time," as dissimilar as we see them now, is it not more reasonable to regard them as aboriginal, than to suppose them the mere accidental derivations of an isolated patriarchal stem of which we know nothing ? Hence, for example, I believe the dog family not to have originated from one primitive form, but from many. Again, what I call a species may be regarded by some naturalists as a primitive variety ; but, as the difference is only in name, and in no way influences the zoological question, it is unnecessary to notice it further. These views appear to correspond with those of Mr. Linnaeus Martin, who expresses himself in the following terms : " We are among those who believe that, as there are degrees in the relationship of species to species, some may, although distinct, approximate so nearly as not only to produce tnier se, mules incapable of interbreeding, but a progeny of fertile hybrids, capable of admixiiire, even to the inost 7mlimited extent 1 Species may therefore be classed according to their disparity or affinity, in the following provisional manner : Remote species of the same genus, are those among which hybrids are never produced. Allied species produce, inter se, an infertile offspring. Proximate sjjccies produce with each other a fertile offspring. 1850.] 83 September 2Uh. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. After some preliminary business, the Society proceeded to an elec- tion for Vice President, in place of Dr. Griffith deceased, when Dr. Eobert Bridges was elected to that office. The Society also elected Dr. T. B. Wilson a member of the Con- chological Committee, to supply the vacancy in that committee occa- sioned by the decease of Dr. Griffith. ELECTION. Aubrey H. Smith, Esq., of Philadelphia, was elected a Member of the Academy. October 1st. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Dr. Bridges presented a paper entitled " Descriptions of four new species of Crinoidea, from the sub-carboniferous limestone of Iowa and Illinois, collected during the U. S. Geological Survey of Iowa, &c., in the years 18-^8-9. By David Dale Owen, M. D., and B. F. Shu- mard, M. D. ;" being an addition to the memoir by the same authors read at a late meeting of the Academy. The present paper was referred to the committee having charge of the previous portion, viz., Messrs. Conrad, Wilson, and Morton. A letter was read from the Secretary of the Lyceum of Natural History, of New York, dated September 27th, 1850, stating, that a parcel containing publications of several scientific societies of Lyons, France, had been received by M. Grex, of NeAY York, for the Academ)'. Dr. Bridges read a letter from Mr. George Ord, accompanying the donation of copper plates XX and XXI, of Vol. 4, 1st series, 8vo. of the Journal of this Institution. On motion, the thanks of the Society were unanimously voted to Mr. Ord for his liberal and valuable gift. Dr. Leidy read a description of a new species of Ligula (L. sala- mandra?) which on motion was referred to a committee consisting of Drs. Hallowell, Kellar, and Zantzinger. Dr. Morton, read the following extract from a letter from A. C. Harris, Esq., addressed to Mr. George R- Gliddon, and dated Alexan- dria, in Egypt, 6th Aug., 1850, in relation to the present existence of the Ibis religiosa, in that country. " Upon a large sand-bank opposite to the Casr-el Sayad, I positively saw an Ris on the 20th of last December. I have seen stuffed specimens brought from Sennaar, and cannot be mistaken in the bird. Its shape is that of the Monuments the body is grey, the head and part of the neck black, as also the feathers of 84 [Oct. the tail. It was with a flock of other birds, and as it slowly left the bank of the river, I remarked that there was a peculiarity in its gait. It pondered over the ground as it walked with eccentric pace, as if it were measuritig angles ; and it struck me that it is this trait to which Plutarch alludes, and which gave to the Ibis the character of Hierogrammaticus or Geometer. If any one else has had the good fortune to see this bird in its natural state, he will perhaps have noticed the singularity which I have described." In confirmation of Mr. Harris's remark about the scarcity of the real Ihis religiosa at the present day in Egypt, Mr. Gliddon observed, that although he had shot over the length and breadth of the land at all times of the year, he had never seen a living Ibis during twenty three years residence there. The only modern specimen of the Ibis he had ever seen was a dead one, offered for sale by a Moghrebbee hunter at Cairo, about 1835. Mr. Harris has been familiar with Egypt for twenty-seven years, and besides being a profound hierologist, is a keen and observing sportsman. His experience is therefore authoritative ; and a sufficient refutation of the accounts of tourists, who talk of seeing Ibises on the Nile as if they were common birds there confounding this with that commonest of all birds, the buffalo crane, called by the Arabs Jlboo-gerdan. The black Ibis, though very rare, has been shot by Mr. Gliddon near lake Bourlos in the Delta. Both species are still abundant above Dongola. Dr. Morton called attention to two plates, which he exhibited, of Layard's folio illustrations of the ruins of Nineveh, whereon are figured the Camel (C. bactrianus,) and Dromedarj'^ (C. dromedarius,) with as much distinctive accuracy as if they had been drawn but yesterday, and yet they date, according to Mr. Layard, 2600 years before our era, or, according to Rawlinson, more than a thousand years later. In either case, they are additional evidence of the distinctness of species, a point which has been disputed, simply because they are said to pro- duce with each other a fertile hybrid offspring. The following resolution was adopted : Resolved, That a copy of the Proceedings, as far as published, be presented to the Agricultural Society of Lyons. October 8ih. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Two letters were read from the Secretary of the Geological Society of London, dated severally. May 8th and May 23d, 1850, acknowledg- ing the reception by that Society, of Part 4, Vol. 1, new series, of the Journal, and of recent Nos. of the Proceedings. Also a letter from Col. J. D. Graham, dated Washington, September 20th, 1850, desiring the renewal of his certificate of membership in the Academy, which had been lost. On motion, the request was granted. 1850.] 85 Dr. Liedy read a paper describing several species of Entozoa, which was referred to a committee on a previous paper by the same author, viz., Drs. Hallowell, Keller and Zantzinger. Dr. Liedy also read a paper entitled " JNotes on the development of the Gordius aquaticus," which was likewise referred to the preceding committee. Dr. Morton made the following observations on the Antiquity of some Races of Dogs : In tracing back the age of certain canine breeds and species, I chiefly avail my- self of the chronology of Prof. Lepsius, which lias happily revealed the proximate dates of the Egyptian monuments, and thus enabled us to refer both man and animals to their respective epochs of time. The following facts are offered as the initiatory portion of an extended series which it is my intention from time to time to bring forward. 1. The Fox-Dog (C. lupaster.) This animal is of the middle size, with erect ears and somewhat bushy tail. It appears to be the oldest dog of which the Egyptians have left an effigy ; for it represents a symbol in their alphabet,* with which it must be coeval, and therefore demonstrably not much less than six thou- sand years old. This same dog is again represented on the paintings in the tomb of Roti, at Beni Hassan, which date with the Xllth dynasty, or the 23rd century B. C. ; and he can thence be traced downwards, through the successive monumen- tal periods, until these cease to record the affairs of Egypt. It is also found em- balmed in great numbers in various parts of that country , and lastly, it appears to have been " the parent stock of the modern red wild-dog so common at Cairo and the other towns of the lower country." f Clot-Bey observes that it now leads a nomadic life, and generally without a master, and like the jackal and the fox, frequents the confines of the desert. It does not usually associate with other dogs, but is capable of re-producing with them ; but this cross-breed is of no use or value. Ehrenberg, who calls this animal Ca?iis lupaster, swpposes it to have been primitively a wolf; but as in its present wild state it nowhere becomes a true wolf, we may more safely refer its origin to some feral stock, once and perhaps yet indigenous to the region of the Nile. 2. The Greyhound (C grams.) There are three varieties of this animal represented on the monuments of Egypt; but the oldest has long, erect ears, with a smooth, short (and probably cropped) tail. I first detect it in the paintings in a tomb of the IlIrd dynasty, (where it occurs in several different places,) and is consequently upwards of five thousand years old ; thence, I have traced it down through the Vlth and Xllth dynasties, where my researches stop for the present for want of the requisite leisure. But this same dog may possibly be represented by the Roumelian greyhound of the present day, which, however, I know only from, description. 3. Another greyhound first appears in the tomb of Roti, at Beni Hassan, in the 23rd century before Christ, t It has all the characters of the pendant-eared grey- hound of the present day, as figured by Buffon, but is represented with cropped * Bunsen, Egypt's place in Universal History, p. 417. t Wilkinson, Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, III, p. 38. jRosellini, Mon. Tav. XVII, fig. 3. 86 [Oct. ears. Now the present Nubian greyhound, as seen in the beautiful plates of M. Prisse's Oriental Album, appears to be the very same animal ; and it is a curious fact, mentioned to me by Mr. Gliddon, that the Modern Nubians habitually crop the ears of this dog. 4. The third form of antique greyhound has a bushy tail. It is figured by Hamilton Smith from the monuments, but I have not yet met with it, and conse- quently cannot at present determine its age. A similar form, called the AJcaha greyhound, is yet common in Syria and Arabia.* But what is not less remarkable than the permanence and vast antiquity of the preceding forms, is the fact that what we call the English greyhound is figured with every distinctive characteristic, even to the semi-pendant ears, on a sup- posed antique statue now preserved in the Vatican at Rome. \ The first three of this series are probably primordial forms; but the English greyhound may be a derivative from some partial intermixture, in the same man- ner that the Irish greyhound is said to be derived from an infusion of the great Danish dog with the common breed. \ 5. The Bloodhound (C Sagax.) Several varieties of the stag and blood- hound are very closely allied. In the tomb of Roti, at Beni Hassan, is a painting representing a spirited deer-hunt, and the dogs, two of which are represented, are admirable illustrations of this variety. They are common on the latter monu- ments: for example, in the Grand Frocession of Thotmes III, (B. C. 1700,) where several of them are associated with people and productions of the interior of Afri- ca. Again, yet later, it is seen in a tomb at Gourneh, near Thebes ; and if I mistake not, through various later epochs. Now if we compare the oldest of the delineations viz. : those of Beni Hassan, with the bloodhounds of Africa lately (and perhaps yet) living in the Tower Menagerie in London, we cannot deny their identity, so complete is the resemblance of form and instinct. || 6. The Turnspit {C. vertagus.) Wilkinson and Blainville have both ac- knowledged that a variety of this dog is figured in the tomb of Roti, at Beni Hassan. IT It is yet common both in Europe and Asia. 7. The Watch Dog (C. .) Several of these animals, or at least their analogues, are figured in the tomb just mentioned, ** They bear a striking resemblance to one figured on a Roman mosaic pavement at Pompeii, and are frequently met with in the East. It is possibly this dog which represents a second canine symbol in the hieroglyphic alphabet ; but the figure is too small to enable me to speak with confidence.ff 8. House Dog. (C. hybridus.) I take this identification and provisional specific name, as I have also most of the others of this series, from Blainville. X\X LaBorde, Trav. through Arabia Petraea, p. 118. Russell's Alleppo, II, p. 179. t Blainville, Osteographie, Canis, pi. XIV. J Bell, British Quadrupeds, p. 241. Hoskins's Ethiopia, Grand Procession, Part I. II Bennett. Tower Menagerie, p. S3. IT Rosellini, Tav. XVII, fig. 4. *Idem. Tab. XVII, fig. 2,4,9. See Martin on the Dog, p. 49. ft Bunsen, ut supra, p. 417. \\X Osteographie, Canis, pi. XIV. Blainville calls it chien domestique. It is also the Rosruct of the French. 1850.] 87 We find this animal also on the monunnents of the Xllth dynasty, where it presents some modifications much as we see them in the present day. * 9. TueWolt-Dog. (C. po'mera7ivs.) This animal is also well represented at Beni Hassan, with all the characteristics that can be embraced in a drawing that is little more than an outline, f It is also figured on an ancient Etruscan ? medal of the second or third century B. C. | It will be observed that two of the preceding varieties of dog are coeval with the earliest hieroglyphic symbols ; and as these last cannot be later than the age of Menes, the first king of Egypt, we may safely date them, on the chronology of Lepsius, as far back as that epoch, viz. 3893 B. C, or 5743 years from our own time; but how much further, we have not, at present, even the means of forming a reasonable conjecture. One other form the long-eared greyhound dates, as we have seen, with the 3rd dynasty about 3500 years B. C. Six additional forms date with the 12th dynasty, which ended B. C. 2124 ; and as the tombs of Roti and Nevopth belong to the reign of Osortasen Ilnd, they are placed by Lepsius in the twenty-third century before Christ. I give these pictorial data as a part only of the series ; for of the eight hundred plates announced by Dr. Lepsius as in progress of publication, but thirty-five have yet reached this country ; and for these I am indebted to the kindness of that distinguished scholar who has at length raised the "Veil of Isis," and given dates to the hitherto chaotic Monuments of the Nile. The Rev. Dr. Bachman quotes Hamilton Smith to show that three thousand years ago, two varieties only of the dog were known. This was excusable in a naturalist who, at the time of publishing his Caiiidm, (1839,) could not have seen the complete iconography of either Champolllon or Rosellini ; and again, at that period the earliest sculptures and paintings were unknown, nor had the series been chronologically arranged a consummation that gives them nearly their whole value in a zoological sense. The Hebrew chronology ascribes the Deluge to the year 2340 B. C. Now three of these dogs date nearly a thousand years earlier in time, and all the rest belong to the twenty-third century before our era. Col. Smith's views were in accordance with the knowledge of the coex- istent time ; but any one who had taken the pains even to look over Rosellini's plates, might have obtained additional information on this question. 10. The Bull-Dog (C. molossns.) This animal is admirably figured on a piece of antique Greek sculpture in the Vatican. The form and expression of the head are perfectly characteristic, even to the peculiar arrangement of the teeth. It is remarked by Holland in his Travels in Greece, that the Bull-dog is yet the dominant variety of Albania, where it has been trained to guard the flocks, and thus to take the place of the Shepherd's dog. 11. Mastiff (C. laniarius.) I have not yet detected this dog on thelvfilotic monuments ; but it is mentioned by Aristotle and seen on two ancient Greek medals, one of which, that of Segestus of Sicily, dates with the 4th or 5th century B.C. The other, which is of Aquila Severa, Dictator of Crete, is about two centuries later. || Rosellini, Mon. Tav. XVI, fig. 5. tRosellini,Mon. Tav. XVII, fig. 5. j Blainville, Osteographie, Canis, pi. XIV. Blainville, Osteographie, Canis, p. 74. II Idem. 88 jOcT. 12. Shepherd's Doc (C. domesticics.) The earliest effigy of this animal, which is also mentioned by Aristotle, is preserved on ancient Etruscan medals of unknown date. The probability is that it was familiar to man in the earliest ages, and may yet be found on the Egyptian monuments. It is doubtless one of the primordial forms of the canine race. In allusion to the illustrations derived from the monuments, Blainville truly remarks that "we here see a large number of our existing breeds of dogs;" and inasmuch as they have preserved their identity through such vast periods of time not only in the most diversified climates, but also under the influence of the greatest variety of circumstances, is it not reasonable to believe that a part at least of these forms, constitute essential primeval types ? We trace them back into the " night of time," and find them as distinct as they yet are in the living Fau7ia; and it remains for those persons who insist that they have all been derived from an aboriginal pair, to give us something more in proof than analogical rea- soning, or inferences drawn from arbitrary views of the laws of Nature. Eut an evidence of the great antiquity of the animal we call the domestic dog, and one to which I have already alluded, is the fact that it has been recently found in a fossil state in two localities very remote from each other. First in Germany by Schmerling, and secondly, in New Zealand by Mr. W. Mantell, (son of the celebrated geologist,) who there foimd it associated with the bones of the gigantic Dinomis. Now from these facts I conceive we must conclude, either that some forms of this animal are primordial and independent of human domestica- tion ; or, that man himself, having existed contemporaneously with these now fossilized animals, claims a vast antiquity as a denizen of the earth. It is shrewdly observed by Azara, that if the differences among dogs were the result of climate, all the dogs of each separate country should be alike. To this I may add, that if they are all descended from a single primal type, they ought, on resuming the wild state,^to return to this type. Yet in America, where the experiment has been observed on the largest and most unequivocal scale, we see no such result. In Jamaica, they have in some iustances reverted to the shep- herd's dog in others, to the great Danish dog ; and this last variety is the domi nant one in the wild packs'of Paraguay. In Cuba they have sometimes resembled greyhounds, and in the pampas of Brazil they are more like terriers. Li other words, they constantly tend to recur to that primitive element which is most domi- nant in their "physical constitution ; and it is remarkable that in the old world this restored type is never the wolf, although it is sometimes, as we have seen, a lupine dog, owing to the physiological cause just mentioned. The blending of the opposite extremes of these types, and these hybrids again with each other, gives rise, as every one knows, to those degenerate animals known as pugs, shocks, spaniels, &c., which Cuvier justly calls " the most de- generate productions," and which are found " to possess a short and fleeting exis- tence the common lot of all types of modern origin." Among the North American Indians, the original forms are very few and closely allied; whence it happens that these grotesque varieties never appear. Neither have they any approximation to that marked family we call hounds; and this fact is the more remarkable since the Indian dogs are employed in the same manner of hunting as the hounds of Europe, Asia and Africa. Yet, this similarity of em- ployment has caused no analogy of exterior form. No varieties, like those so familiar in Europe, spring up among them. They are as homogeneous as the 1850.] 89 wolf races from whom they have descended ; and Dr. Richardson quotes Theodat to show that the common Tndian dog has not materially changed during two hun- dred and twenty years. Again, the same remark applies to the indigenous Alco and Techicld dogs of Mexico and South America, which, before their admixture with European breeds, conformed to the types or species from whence they sprung, without branching into the thirty varieties of Buffon, or the sixty of Brown. The dog of New-Caledonia, in the western regions of Arctic America, cannot be regarded as an exception, for he is also a lupine animal, although too lit- tle is known of him to enable us to suggest his relative position to the other American races- The Indian dog of Florida partakes largely also of the wolf, and is supposed by Hamilton Smith to be intermediate between the common grey wolf (C. occide7itaIis') and the Newfoundland dog, C. palmauis. And finally, the latter animal, which belongs also to the same great dog family, is by some natural ists^regarded as a cross between the Esquimaux dog and some exotic breed. To this latter question I have not yet given attention. What is true of forms is equally true of instincts. "It is undoubtedly true (observes Sir. C. Lyell)that many new habits and qualities have not only been acquired, in recent times, by certain races of dogs, but have been transmitted to their offspring. But in these cases it will be obser- ved that the new peculiarities have an intimate relation to the habits of the ani- mal in a wild state, and therefore do not attest any tendency to departure, to an indefinite extent, from the original type of the species." The author then instances a peculiar mode in which a certain breed of dogs attack the deer on the platform of Santa Fe, in Mexico, and adds, that other Euro- pean hunting dogs, though of superior strength and general sagacity, are destitute of this instinct, and are often, in consequence, killed by the deer. I explain this phenomenon, not on the supposition of a new, but of a latent in- stinct, which circumstances have merely developed ; and as by crossingdissimilar species or varieties of dogs, we obtain the blended and opposite lineaments of both, so, by the same process, we may combine a double or modified instinct. In view of the preceding facts, I continue to regard the great canine race of the old and new world as constituted of many species of primordial dogs ; of three, at least, (and perhaps more) species of wolves; of some accessions from the fox- tribe, and a less certain infusion of the jackal. The wolves that appear to have principally contributed to this protean family, are the Canis lupus of the old world, and the C. occidentalism or common grey-wolf, and the C latrans ox prairie-wolf of America. The evidence of the fox-tribe are most conspicuously shown in the Aguara dogs of more southern latitudes. October 15th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Two letters were read from the Agricultural Society of Lyons, dated severally, August 10, 184-9, and April 12, 1850, informing the Academy of the transmission by that Society, of Vols. 10 and 11 of its Annals. Also a letter from the National Academy of Sciences of Lyons, dated July 2, 1850, accompanying a copy of its Memoirs for 184-8-50. 12 90 [Oct. Also a letter from the Linnean Society of Lyons, dated July 1, 1850, presenting the Annals of that Society for 184.7-49. A letter was also read from J. A. Grex, Esq., addressed to the Libra- rian, dated New York, October 3, 1850, transmitting the above works, and acknowledging the reception of a copy of the Journal, Vol. 1, new series, and of a copy of the Proceedings, for the Agricultural Society of Lyons. Dr. Leidy presented two papers, one describing two new species of Infusorial Entozoa, and the other entitled "descriptions of somenema- toid Entozoa infesting insects," both of which were referred to the committee having charge of previous communications by Dr. Leidy read at late meetings of the Society, viz., Drs. Hallowell, Keller, and Zantzinger. Dr. Leidy also made the following observations on two new genera of mammalian fossils, which he designates under the names of Eucro- taphus Jacksoni, and Archaeotherium Mortoni : The two fragments of mammalian crania, which I exhibit this evening to the Academy, are part of those specimens a short time since presented to our Cabinet by Mr. Joseph Culbertson, of Cumberlandj Co., Penna., whose son obtained them from that region of country, in the vicinity of Fort Laramie on the Platte river, known as the " mauvais terres," or " bad lands," a locality, which, according to recent researches made by Dr. John Evans, is rich in such remains. Both fragments belong to new genera of mammalia. The smaller of these I have named Eucrotaphus, on account of the comparatively very large size of the temporal bones. It consists of the central portion only of the cranium, and is a little longer than the corresponding portion of the skull of the beaver (Castor fiber.) In general outline it resembles the posterior part of the cranium of the American mink, (Mustela lutreola) or more particularly that of the opos- sum, (Didelphis virginiana;) being broad posteriorly, cylindroid anterior to the ossa tempora, but is not as bulging at the sides as in the latter mentioned animals. The boHes still existing in the specimen consist of the right temporal, except its zygoma and posterior superior portion ; a portion of the left squamous bone ; the middle portion of the ossa parietalia, ossified into one, except the sagittal crest ; the right para-mastoid, or paroccipital process, except the tip, with a small fragment of the occiput above it ; the posterior sphenoid, somewhat mutilated ; a fragment of the presphenoid ; and a fragment of the basioccipital. The most remarkable characteristics of this head are: first, the comparatively enormous size of the squamous portion of the ossa tempora; second, the great advancement of the ossa parietalia ; * third, the deep groove in the ossa parietalia iust in advance of the squamous suture ; fourth, the strength of origin of the zygoma ; and fifth, the form of the glenoid cavity. I for some time hesitated before I applied this name to the symmetrical bone occupying the upper part of the cranium. I thought at first it was the frontal extending very far back, but upon considering the advanced position of the squa- mous portion of the temporal bone, and observing in the Erinaceus ecaudatus, a considerable prolongation forward of the ossa parietalia, I concluded that it belonged to the latter category. 1850.] 91 It has been frequently remarked in works on anatomy, that in man, the squa- mous portion of the temporal bone enters into the construction of the cavity of the cranium comparatively more than in any other animal, but in the fossil before us we find it to be comparatively much greater than in man, for although the cranium is but little larger than that of the beaver, yet the squamous portion of the temporal bone in it measures over two inches in breadth antero-posteriorly, and one and three-fourths of an inch at its highest point. The summits of this portion of the two bones are not more than seven-tenths of an inch apart at the top of the head. The exterior surface of the squamous bone is very slightly con- vex, nearly flat, and inclines at an angle of about 50. It is bounded postero- inferiorly by a strong, projecting ridge, the superior root of the zygoma, which commences almost vertically above and a very little behind the meatus audito- rius externus. The origin or commencement of this ridge indicates considerable advancement of the squamous bone. Just within the ridge posteriorly on a line with the meatus auditorius externus, is a large round venous foramen, the direc- tion of which is downwards and inwards. The base of the zygoma is remarkably strong, its direction being at first almost directly outward. The glenoid cavity is of unusually large extent, even greater than that of most known Ruminantia, and is placed immediately beneath tne base of support of the zygoma, more like in man and the quadrumana than in other animals. In its direction it is transverse, with an inclination from within outward and a little upward. Posteriorly it is bounded by a comparatively enormous tuberosity separating it from the meatus auditorius externus, which at its longest part internally measures 7-lOths of an inch from the floor of the meatus, i an inch in thickness at the base, antero-posteriorly, on a level with the bottom of the glenoid cavity, and over 6-lOths of aninchtransversly. Anteriorly the glenoid cavity is bounded by a broad transverse ridge, about two lines higher, anterior to which is a large inferior concave surface extending inward and for- ward to the root of the pterygoid processes and the spheno-orbitar foramen, bounded on the exterior of the latter by a projecting ridge of the alisphenoid. Posterior to the posterior glenoid tuberosity, and the superior root of the zygoma, is a nearly vertical triangular excavation, bounded posteriorly by the mastoid and para-mastoid processes, and containing the meatus auditorius externus bounded below by a strong, semicircular auditory process. In a groove between the latter and the post-glenoid tuberosity, is placed a second small tuberosity or ridge about 1 line in length. Continuous with the groove just mentioned around the base of the posterior glenoid tuberosity internally, is a deep fissure, having at its bottom two glenoidal foramina. Bounding the fissure on the inside, is a large, compressed globular auditory bulla, measuring about 7-lOths of an inch vertically, and antero-posteriorly, and 6-lOths of an inch transversely. Posteriorly it abuts against the para-mastoid process, and antero-externally it joins the alisphenoid by a prominent ridge just within the suture, separating the alisphenoid from the squamous bone. Poslero-externally, bounded posteriorly by the para-mastoid, and externally by the auditory process, is a deep vertical pit at the bottom of which is a round basis of support for the styloid process of the temporal bone. Antero-internally to the auditory bulla, between it and the basisphenoid and alisphenoid, is a large oval pit, the foramen lacerum anterius, and the caroticum combined. Anterior to this, placed in the alisphenoid between the auditory 92 [Oct. bulla and the root ol' the pterygoid processes is the foramen ovale. The latter mentioned basis of support to the pterygoid processes is a triangular prominence, and placed immediately on a line with it in front is a large round spheno-orbitar foramen. The basisphenoid is cylindrical in form, a little over an inch in length, and joins the presphenoid on a line with the spheno-orbitar foramina. The mutilated commencement of the presphenoid in the specimen is alone sufficient to indicate that it undergoes little diminution in diameter from that of the basi- sphenoid. The basioccipital is also cylindroid in form, a little broader than the basisphenoid and articulates with the latter on a line with it. The para-mastoid process or paroccipital joins the mastoid process, and affords an abutment poste- riorly to the auditory bulla; it is rough and strong, and in the specimen descends two-thirds the length of the latter process, the tip being broken off. The ossa parietalia, ossified into one symmetrical bone, in'advance of the ossa tempora are nearly cylindrical and antero-inferiorly join the alisphenoid. Between the ossa squamosa, the two at their narrowest portion measure only 7-lOths of an inch across. They are surmounted by a strong sagittal crest with a broad base, which in the specimen has been broken away. Laterally in advance of the squamous suture, is a remarkable and vertical, moderately deep and broad groove, the office of which I cannot conjecture. The squamous suture partakes of the serrated form. Measurements. From one lateral groove of the parietalia to the other measures 1 and 7-lOths of an inch ; the distance between the glenoid cavities, 1 and 3-lOths inch ; from the posterior face of the posterior glenoid tubercle to the anterior boundary of the anterior glenoid tubercle is 1 and 2-lOths inch; from one foramen ovale to the other 4-10th3 of an inch. Remarks. From the very great strength of the base of support of the zygo- matic process ; the comparative size and concealed position of the glenoid cavity; the great size of the posterior glenoid tubercle; and the great extent of the temporal fossa, (for although it is shortened by the very rapid ascent of the superior root of the zygoma and advancement of the occciput, yet it is increased in extent by the very great vertical development of the squamous bone, and in depth by the comparatively depressed or flattened surface of the latter,) the Eucrotaphus has been endowed with very great power in the muscles of mastica- tion and great freedom of movement in the articulation of the lower jaw. The position of this genus I have not been able satisfactorily to determine from the specimen, and we must wait, therefore, until other parts of the cranium of the animal are found before we can be able to detect its true place among the orders. The species I have named Eucrotaphus Jacksoni, in honor of my esteemed friend Dr. Samuel Jackson, the eminent teacher of the Institutes of Aledicine in the University of Pennsylvania. The second fossil fragment ,which I have named Archaeotherium, appears to have belonged to an animal not remotely allied to the Anoplotherium. The specimen is part only of the face, consisting of the middle portion of the left os maxillare- superius, with the corresponding portion of the palate process, containing two premolar teeth and the alveolus for a third, a fragment of the upper part of the right OS maxillare superius, the central, portion of the two ossa nasi, and the an- terior extremity of the left os mala. In general form this part of the face is pro- longed like that of the Anoplotherium, and in size was at least one-half greater than the A. commune. li^nO.] 93 The anterior of the two teeth in the fragment appears to be the first premolar, corresponding to that tooth in the Anoplotherium by its double fang. The body of the tooth is not so broad as in the latter, and is more conical. It is convex externally from side to side, and the base of the enamel is elevated, rounded, and deeply emarginate at the position corresponding to the separation of the fangs, but it projects at no place beyond the general surface of the crown except poste- riorly where it forms a slight ledge or heel. Interiorly the general surface is convex, but it rather forms a central rounded longitudinal prominence from which the surface passes off slightly concave posteriorly and to an elevated line at the antero-interior border of the tooth. The enamel has been worn off the end and along its posterior border. The second premolar is implanted in the alveolus by three fangs, two externally and the other internally. The body of the tooth is cuboidal, but is greater in its transverse measurement than antero-posteriorly. The external face is convex from side to side, and is not so long as that of the first premolar. The enamel base is strongly emarginate between the fangs, is prominent, rounded, and projects into a narrow edge anteriorly and posteriorly about 2J lines below its edge. The anterior surface is directed obliquely inward and forward. The crown has been worn down leaving exposed a large, trans- versely oval islet of dentine, which is continuous with a similarly exposed sur- face antero-externally. The posterior surface is nearly transverse, and is worn into a concave depression from the pressure of the succeeding tooth in the row. The fangs are large and strong ; the antero-external is implanted in the jaw obliquely upward and forward, and the poslero-external vertically ; the interior is larger than the other and is placed on a line posterior to the antero-external fang. The interspace between the first and second premolars is triangular, and from the attrition upon the posterior surface of the former and anterior of the latter, has been occupied, in a state of rest, by the body of the first premolar of the inferior maxilla. Posterior to the second premolar, the sockets alone for the three fangs of the third premolar exist in the specimen. The surface of the superior maxillary bone is convex from above downwards. The infra-orbitar foramen, from a smooth notch existing in the specimen, appears to have been placed at_^the junction of the superior maxillary with the malar bone. The palatine process is 3 lines in depth from the edge of the alveolus. The ossa nasi are transversely convex. Measurements. The heigh th of the superior maxillary bone from the lateral nasal suture to the edge of the alveolus on a line with the second premolar, is 3i inches ; breadth of os nasi on same line f of an inch ; breadth of first premolar at base externally \\ inches; transversely i an inch; second premolar antero-posteri- orly ^ of an inch ; transversely f of an inch ; heighth of face from middle nasal suture to the roof of the mouth on a line with the first premolar 2 J inches, on a line with the third premolar 3 inches. The species of Archaeotherium I have named Mortoni in honor of my friend Dr. Samuel George Morton, the excellent President of this Academy, 94 [Oct. OdobcT 22(1. Dt. Morton, President, in the Chair. Mr. Richard C. Taylor presented the following meteorological obser- vations made at the Isthmus of Panama, at Port Royal, Jamaica, and at sea, in October, 1849. Table cotiatructed from a few Meteorological Notes, chiefly in regard to the daily temperature at noon, on the east coast of the Isthmus of Panama, Port Royal, in Jamaica, atid on the return voyage to New York ; for the month of October, 1849. By Richard C. Taylor. Date. Fosition. OhscTvations at noon. Oct. 6 On shore, at Escribanos, Prov. Veragua l\ do. do. 8 Off shore, 9 On shore at Chagres, 10 11 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 do. do. do. do. At anchor, one mile from Chagres, do. do. Caribbean Sea, do. Port Royal, Jamaica, do. At sea, close nnder St. Domingo, do. off Maraguana Island, do. do. do. do. SljAt New York, off Cape Henlopen, Latitude. Tiieimoirieter BaioniKter. 9 04' 82<=' 9 04 83 9 04 86 9 24 88 9 24 90 9 24 90 29=' 70' 9 24 88 29 70 9 24 85 29 70 9 24 92 29 50 88 29 50 88 29 60 18 00 85 29 20 IS 00 85 29 20 19 52 83 29 50 22 20 83 29 60 26 26 78 29 50 29 06 76 29 50 34 25 72 30 10 38 45 66 29 80 40 42 43 There appear to be some peculiarities, not readily accounted for, in the periods of Rainy and Dry seasons upon the Isthmus of Panama, at points which are not very far distant from each other, on the same coast. Thus, the rainy season at Escribanos, in the Province of Veragua, we under- stand, is the reverse of that at Chagres, which place is situated at only sixty or seventy miles distance. At Chagres, the dry season begins in December and ends in May , and the principal rainy months are those between May and November. On the other hand, at Escribanos, the most rainy months are those which extend from November to the end of March. The inhabitants at this time are confined to their houses and have few opportunities of getting out of their doors. What is called X]\edry season in this vicinity, is from April to the end of October. Still, storms and showers occur almost daily in those months; and, in reference to the entire year at Escribanos, we remember the somewhat vague remark of the French Negro proprietor there " it rains every time." 1850.] 95 This constant progression of vast nnasses of vapor, of copious showers, and successive thunderstorms, along the mountainous but broken range of the Isthmus, appears to be chiefly from the equator, northward. More than forty years ago, the celebrated Humboldt offered an explanation of the causes which occasioned the insupportable heat and dryness of the Old World, within the limits of the torrid zone, and the comparative coolness and continued humidity of the same parallel on the New Continent. These views are repeated in the same author's recent work on the " Aspects of Nature." I may be permitted to give the substance of them here. In the sandy deserts of Africa, the vertically ascending column of warm air prevents the vesicles of vapor from being dissolved. The more complete the absence of vegetation and the more the sand is heated, the greater is the height of the clouds, and the less can any fall of rain take place. Thus, in deserts, the want of rain and the absence of vegetation, act and react upon each other. It does not rain, because the naked, sandy surface, having no vegetable covering, becomes more powerfully heated by the solar rays, and thus radiates more heat ; and the absence of rain forbids the desert being converted into a steppe or grassy plain, because without water no organic development is possible. On the contrary, in the New World, beneath the torrid zone, among other causes that tend to create a cooler and moister climate, are enumerated the impenetrable forests which occupy the alluvial plains which are situated immedi- ately beneath the equator; protecting with their shade the soil beneath from the direct influence of the sun beams, and exhaling in the interior of the country, at a great distance from the mountains and from the ocean, vast quantities of moist- ure, partly imbibed and partly elaborated. It is to the same causes that we are to attribute the luxuriant vegetation, the magnificent forests, and that abundant leafiness by which the New Continent is peculiarly characterized. Dr. Bridges presented a paper from Mr. James Deane, of Connecti- cut, on the " Fossil Foot-prints of Connecticut River," intended for publication in the Journal. Referred to Drs. Bridges, "Wilson, and Leidy. Dr. J. K. Townsend read a paper describing a new species of American Wolf, (Lupus gigas, Townsend, the giant wolf of N. America:) which, being intended for publication in the Journal, was referred to a committee, consisting of Drs. Hallowell, Wilson, and Morton. Dr. T. stated that the skin and skull of the animal described in his paper, were in the possession of the Academy, and would be mounted at an early period. Mr. Cassin read a paper, entitled "Descriptions of new species of Birds collected by Mr. John G. Bell, in California." Referred to a committee, viz. ; Drs. Wilson, Townsend, and Leidy. 96 [Oct. October 27th. Dr. MoE-TON, President, in the Chair, The Committee on Mr. Deane's paper, " On the Fossil Foot-prints of the Connecticut River,'' reported in favor of publication in the Journal. The Committee on Dr. Townsend's description of a new American Wolf, (Lupus gigas, Townsend,) reported in favor of publication in the Journal. The Committee on the following papers by Dr. Leidy, read at the meetings of October 1, Oct. 8th, and Oct. 15th, 1850, reported in favor of their publication in the Proceedings. Contrilutions to Hehniiithology . By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. LiGULA Tritonts. Body ribbon-like, thin, translucent, nearly smooth, faintly yellowish white, posteriorly obtusely rounded. Head thickened, rounded, transversely corrugated, yellowish; extremity triangularly rounded, laterally compressed, front and back, with a short, longitudinal, contracted depression. Whole length 1 in. 9 lines; breadth of body l-3d line, thickness l-12th line; length of head 1 line, breadth l-4th line, thickness l-9th line. Habitation and Remarks. This species was sent to me by my friend Prof. S. F. Baird, of Carlisle, with the note " Found embedded in the muscles of the back of Triton (Cynops) dorsalis." It is the smallest species which has as yet been discovered, and^he first among batrachian reptilia. The specimen sent to me consisted of two fragments of the same individual preserved in alcohol. Examined beneath the microscope it presented no trace of articulation or interior definite organs. 2. Pentastomum Didelphidis Virginianm, Body subcylindrical, curved one third or one-half a circle, dorsum convex, bentrum concave, posteriorly narrowed and constricted a short distance from the extremity, which is rounded. Color white, opaque. Composed of forty or fewer annulations. Head posteriorly con- vex, anteriorly plain or slightly concave; mouth nearly round; hooks simple, situated in a curved line of which the mouth forms the centre. Whole length 3 to 5 lines, breadth 3-5th of a line ; annuli generally l-80th inch wide ; mouth l-200th inch in diameter ; hooks l-200th inch long. Habitation and Remarks, I found 9 individuals of this entozoon, in C shaped cysts, the circle being 2 lines in diameter, imbedded in the liver just beneath the peritoneal surface, in Didelphis virginiana. It may probably be the Pentastomum subeylindricum of Diesing,* which was found in cysts upon the liver of two South American species of Didelphis, and several other animals, but the largest of those found in our D. virginiana, is equal only to the smallest of P. subeylindricum, and has not more than one-half the number of annulations. Annal. d. Wien. Mus. 1 p. 21. Ditjardin: Hist. Nat. des Helminthes p. 305. Diesing : Systema Helminthum, Vol. I, p. 611. 1850.] 97 3. PSNTASTOMUM EURYZONOM, Dieshli "S> Linguatula Diesingii, Van, Beiieden.; Bull, de I'Acad. Roy. des Sc. de Brux. 1848 ; Mem. de I'Acad. de Brux. xv. An. Sc. Nat. 3 ser. xi. Pentastomum eur3'zonum, Dies. Syst. Helminth. Body cylindroid fusiform, curved, posteriorly subacute. Color yellowish white, opaque. Annulations under 20, with wide intervals. Head plano-con- vex; mouth round. Whole length 6 lines ; breadth anteriorly 1 line, of antepenultimate annulua 3-5ths of a line. Mouth l-40th of an inch. Habitation. I found five individuals of this species, enclosed in C shaped cysts, upon the surface of the liver beneath the peritoneum, in a half-grown Cynocepha- lus porcarius. 4. Pentastomum proboscideum, Rud. Echinorhynchus Crotali, Humboldt. Ansicht d. Natur. 1 Aufl. Distoma Crotali, ib. ; Rud. Entoz.hist.il. Porocephalus Crotali, Humb. Recueil d'Obs. de Zool. Polystoma proboscideum, Riid. Mag. d. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr, VI. Linguatula proboscidea, Van Beneden, Mem. d' I'Acad. de Brux. xv. Linguatula clavata. Wyman. Jour. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. V. Pentastomum proboscideum, Rud. Synop. ; Humb. Ans. d. Nat. ; Bremser, Icones ; Diesiug, An. d. Wien. Mus. ; Syst. Helminth. I. Body sub-clavate, broadest anteriorly, recurved, posteriorly dilated ovate, sub- acute. Color yellowish white; integument translucent. Annulations 36, becom- ing indistinct towards the extremities. Head round, mouth round. Male fur- nished with two short projecting papillae just above the mouth ; penis papilla- form, projecting l-4th of a line. Length of female 2h to 3i inches, breadth of head 2i lines, narrowest part of body 1 line, just anterior to posterior dilatation, which latter is 3 lines long by 1 J broad. Length of male 1 inch 3 lines to 1 inch 5 lines ; breadth of head \i lines > narrowest part of body h line; breadth of posterior dilatation 3-5ths of a line. Habitation and Remarks. I found six females, four males, and a young indi- vidual of this species 4i lines long in the pulmonary cavity of a Boa constrictor. The form of the body in the male and female is the same. 5. EcHi.NORHYNCHus ovATUs. Body compressed ovate, posteriorly subacute, curved, yellowish white, opaque, presenting 12 to 14 transverse corrugations ; neck distinct, short, cylindrical. Proboscis globular, armed with 6 rows of re- curved booklets. Length 2 lines, greatest breadth 1-10 inch, greatest thickness 3-5 line. Pro- boscis i line. Habitation. Two individuals were found in the iliac portion of the small intestine of Felis leopardis. 6. Echinorhynchus tortuosus. Body brownish white, opaque, very much contorted and transversely corrugated, subcompressed, dilated just below the middle, attenuated towards the extremities, most so anteriorly, posteriorly re- curved and obtuse. Neck short. Head subglobular, armed with 4 rows of sim- ple recurved booklets. Length 2 inches 8 lines ; greatest breadth 1-7 inch ; greatest thickness 1 line; diameter, 1 line from the neck, 1-5 of a line ; from the posterior extremity 4-5 of a line. Proboscis and neck 1-5 line long. 13 98 [Oct. Saiiisti with this acknowledgmeot, I have thought it would be well to record them, with tiie hope that they may not only throw a>me light upon the obscure nature of the Gordias, hot also lead others to the discovery of a similar opportunity of investi- gating this animal nnder noore favorable circumstances of locality and informa- tion. The observations I have withheld for a length of time in the hope that I mi^^ be able to veriiy or correct them, but failing to do so to the present time, J new rdoetantly pat them forth from my notes taken at the time. The white cords before mentioned consisted of numerous oval ova closely >V.;irgeschichte S. 151, Taf. 11. 1850.] W aggregated together. These when examiBed beneath tibe microseope, aa flie first day after I obuined theoi, exhibited a triiite, gnnalar yolk divided into foar globular massses connected together and snrroimded by a transparent albumoi. Each mass contained in its centre a clear cell or reside. On the second day the separation annong the yolk masses was less distinct and upon the third day the whole had onited into one oTal, finely granular body, and the interim resides had disappeared. The fourth and fifth days no perceptible change was obserra- ble. From the sixth to the ei^th day the yolk had become conical in Chid, aad upon the ninth day the base of the cone exhibited a cleft or fissure whidi by lie tenth day Had extended two thirds the length of the mass. Daring the whole of this period the yolk retained its granalar character and was motionless. Upon the eleventh day it resembled a cylinder doubled upon itself, or the outline of the embryo bad been forward, and one extremity of it, corresponding to the head had become translucent from a solution of the granular matter within. The other or tail end was subacute. The twelfth day the translucency had extended itself in the interior part of the embryo, the extremity of which had advanced beyond the others and presented an emargination communicating with an orifice opening into a canal visible in the interior, and Crom the edge of the extremiry was developed a circle of short filaments which projected downwards and oatwaids. From the thirteenth to the fifteenth day the granular matter had entirely undergone solotioa within the anterior half of the embryo, and the latter had becMne somewhat dilated. The interior canal was also more distinct, and the bordering filaments of the extremity were larger. In the coarse of the sixteenth to the eighteenth day the translucent half of the animal was separated &om the other by a constriction, and the canal in the interior presented at its anterior portion a clavate tubular body, the free end of which projected from the oral aperture. The extremity of the hfead was surronnded by a reflected collar from the free border of which projected tiic filamentary appendages. The posterior half of the embryo was still grs^i:;.ir in appearance, but bad become rounded and somewhat dilated at the extremirr. From the nineteenth to the twentieth day the embryo alternately retracted and ]Kt>tnided the tentacolar or filamentary aj^ndages, and the integament of the anterior half of the body appeared to be getting annulated, which was dis: 80 by the twenty-first day. The granular matter in the poster: rr -^- body was also undergoing solution from the periphery towards the : . _: its posterior part there appeared several large oil globules. On the rwenry- second day the annulations of the anterior half of the body were ve : posterior half was also becoming annulated, and near its extremitv __ _ ,; time observed an anal orifice and one to four small ejMdennal spines. On the twentr-fourth day, the tubular clavate organ before mentioned, : anterior pan of the alimentary canal was alternately protruded an*! ; r proboscis. The proboscis when ftiUy protruded brooght into view a: r second circle of tentacular filaments within the first. On the twenrv-sbc: the embryo when pressed from the egg progressed forward br . rior half of its body from side to side, acd it alternately prot" the proboscis and the two circles of tentacular filaments. V organs were retracted, the head presented a truncate or depressed surface, and in their protrusion the extremities of the outer cirde of tentacvLe and the end of die proboscis first became visible ; as these advanced the secood circle o taitacolz ^ipeared, and when the proboscis was entirely protxaded, the outer tentKoIs 100 [Oct. were deeply reflected upon the outside of the body, and the inner circle projected obliquely outward and upward. The proboscis was clavate in form or cylindri- cal and moderately dilated at its free end, and more so at its base. The follow- ing six days no perceptible change was observable in the development of the animal, and after this the eggs showed evident appearances of decay, and I gave them no further attention. Tioo new species of Infusorial Eiitozoa. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. Nyctotherus ovalis. Body translucent oval, posteriorly obtuse. Ante- rior granular areola three sided. Posterior fissure passing downwards. Length 1-lOOth inch, breadth l-33d inch. Habitatioji. The intestinum tenue of the Blatta orientalis, occasionally in considerable numbers. 2. BoDO JuLiDis. Body translucent, faintly greenish, faintly granular with one or two large round vacuoles and numerous minute ones ; form changing, usually globular, oval, or pyriform ; caudae twice the length of the body, very active, frequently twisted into a ring at the extremity. Diameter of body l-3000th of an inch. Hahitation. The large intestine of Julus marginatus, in company with Nyc- totherus velox, often in millions. Description of some Nematoid Entozoa infesting Insects^ By Joseph Leidy, M. D. Genus Aorurus. Sub-genus Streptostoma. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1849 p. 230. 1. Streptostoma gracile. Oxyuris Diesingii. Hammer schmidt. Isis von Oken J. 1838, S. 354, Taf. iv. Fig. 6. Body attenuated from the middle anteriorly and posteriorly, white, translucent, shining. Anterior annuli very broad and moveable upon one another. Oral annulus short, truncate ; second annulus long, constricted in the middle. Tail nearly one-third the length of the body, shining, straight or curved. Pharynx short. Oesophagus consisting of two elongated, pyriform, muscular bulbs. Neck of first oesophageal bulb dilated at commencement and middle ; neck of second, long, narrow and cylindrical. Ventriculus largely dilated and oval at commence- ment, afterward cylindrical. Length of body 1 line; breadth opposite ventricular dilatation l-136th inch; just above anus l-300th inch; greatest do., l-107th in; length of tail l-40th inch ; breadth at middle 1.1360th inch ; length of first pyriform bulb of oesopha- gus l-150th inch ; breadthof neck of do. 1-llOOthinch; do.of body of do. l-400th inch; length of second bulb l-214th inch; breadth of neck l-1300th inch ; do. of body l-340th inch; do.of dilated commencement of ventriculus l-214th inch. do. of cylindrical portion l-330th inch. Ova oval, l-300th inch long by l-625th inch broad. Habitation. Found in numbers of one to half a dozen in the small intestine of our domestic cockroach, (Blatta orientalis.) This species was discovered by 1850.] 101 Hammerschmidt, who named it Oxyurls Diesingii, but as it is considered a doubt- ful compliment to name intestinal worms after persons, in placing it in the genus Streptostoma, I have also changed the specific name. The individuals from which my description is taken were the largest I found. Sub-genus Thelastoma. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1849 p. 231. 2. Thelastoma appendiculatum. Body cylindrical, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, white, translucent, shining, strongly annulated. First division of the oesophagus moderately long, cylindrical ; second portion short, broad, and pyriform, ventriculus dilated cordiform at commencement, becoming rapidly narrowed and cylindrical, and sending off posteriorly a large and long pyriform diverticulum or coecum, afterward cylindrical to termination, and forming a single short convolution just posterior to the generative aperture. Tail straight, spiculate, one-fourth the length of the body. Eighty five annulations to the body of which there are twenty- eight from the mouth to the commencement of the ven- triculus. Generative aperture twenty-six annulations from the anal aperture. Last annulation furnished with two short spines projecting backward. Length of body 1 line to 1-lOth of an inch; breadth at ventricular commence- ment 1-lOOth inch, at middle l-80th inch, at anus 1-lCOth inch; tail l-50th inch long, breadth at middle l-SS8th inch ; first portion of oesophagus 1-SOth inch long, l-533d inch broad; second portion l-240th inch long ; neck of do. l-6C6th inch broad ; body of do. l-250th inch ; commencement of ventriculus l-200th inch broad ; cylindrical portion l-400th inch ; diverticulum of ventriculus l-66th inch long by l-266th inch broad. Ovum semi-oval, l-258th inch long, by l-666th inch broad. Habitation. Found in the intestinum tenue of the domestic cockroach (Blatta orientalis,) with the former. 3. Thelastoma labiatum. Body white, translucent, anteriorly stronely annulated. Papilla of the mouth dilated, six lobed. First portion of oesophagus cylindrical, second portion broad, pyriform ; ventriculus sub-cordiform at com- mencement. One hundred and fifty annulations, of which there are forty from the mouth to the commencement of the ventriculus. Length of body l-22d inch; greatest breadth l-200th inch: length of tail l-40th inch; length of first portion of oesophagus l-120th inch; breadth 1-lOOOth inch ; second portion l-320th inch long by l-400th broad ; breadth of ventricular dilata- tion l-266th inch. Ovum oval, l-333d inch long, by l-IOOth inch broad. Habitation. Found in numbers of from one to a dozen in the intestine of Polydesmus virginiensis, 4. Thelastoma robustttm. Body white, cylindrical, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly. First portion of oesophagus long, cylindrical ; second portion broad, pyriform. Commencement of ventriculus dilated, oval, afterwards cylin- drical. Articulations of body 212, of which there are forty from the mouth to the commencement of the ventriculus, 102 from the latter to the generative aperture, and from this to the tail 70. Length of body 2 lines ; breadth at ventricular dilatation l-75th inch; at sixth annulation from mouth, only l-320th inch; at middle l-66th inch; I'ust above anus l-75th inch ; tail l-22d inch long by 1-lOOOth inch broad at middle ; first por- tion of oesophagus l-50th inch long by l-500th inch broad ; second portion l-17Sth inch long by l-200th inch broad ; ventricular dilatation l-105th inch broad. 102 [Oct. Ovum oval, l-308th inch Ions by 1-500^ inch broad. Habitation. Found in the intestine, in numbers of from one to three, in the larva of a lameliicorn insect. Remar/c. The descriptions of the above are entirely taken from females, con- siderable numbers of which I have found and possess, but I have never yet been able to discover a single male. 5. OxYURis sociALis. Body vs^hite, narrow, cylindrical, elastic, posteriorly attenuated; mouth projecting, with a short pharynx; oesophagus consisting of two portions : first portion long, cylindrical, dilated at its posterior part ; secona portion, narrow, pyriform ; ventriculus moderately dilated at commencement, capacious, cylindrical ; tail long, narrow, acute. Female. From 1 line to 2 and l-5th lines in length ; breadth l-266th inch- First portion of oesophagus l-66th inch long, l-800th inch broad; second portion l-200th inch long by l-6C6lh inch broad. Generative aperture projecting, just anterior to middle. Tail simple pointed, l-57th inch long from anus, l-400th inch broad at base. Ovum oval, white, l-363d inch long, l-C6Gth inch broad. Male. Length 4-5ths to 3-5ths of a line ; breadth l-400th inch ; posteriorly recurved. Tail pointed, furnished with five minute epidermoid prominences on the inner side, l-133d inch long from anus. Spiculum of penis single, simple, curved, l-400th inch long. Habitation. Found in numbers of from five to twenty, of which one-fifth are males, in the large intestine of the large black cricket (Acheta abbreviata.) Genus Hy strignatlius . Body cylindrical, anteriorly furnished with transverse rows of simple spines projecting backward ; mouth surmounting a largejnaked pa- pilla; oesophagus of two portions: the first long, cylindrical, the second short and pyriform; annulations indistinct posteriorly ; tail long. 6. Hystrignathus rigidus. Body straight, rigid, cylindrical, narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly ; anteriorly furnished with 106 transverse rows of simple spines projecting obliquely backward, each row corresponding to an annu- lation and containing about sixteen spines ; anterior spines longest, equal to the width of the annulations, becoming shorter posteriorly and decreasing to mere points. First annulation of the mouth truncated, conical, smooth ; second annu- lation smooth. Pharynx extending through the first two annulations. First portion of oesophagus long, cylindrical ; second portion with a narrow cylindri- cal neck and globular body ; ventriculus cylindrical, slightly dilated anteriorly, narrowed anteriorly ; rectum elongated conical. Tail long, curved. Generative aperture very near the middle of the body. Length 2 lines; greatest breadth l-140th inch; tail l-40th inch long from anus, 1-lOOOth inch broad at middle ; anterior or spinous portion of body l-2Gth inch long or one fourth of the whole length. First portion of cesophagus l-50th inch long, l-520th inch broad ; second portion l-190th inch long, l-320th inch broad at body. Anterior spines l-2000th inch long. Fifty-eight spinous annula- tions corresponding to the first portion of the cesophagus, twelve to the second portion. Annuli posteriorly indistinct. Ova oval, l-214th inch long, by 1-545 inch broad. Habitation. The female only I have found in numbers of one to five within, and adhering by the mouth to the parietes of, the ventriculus of Passaluscornutus. 1850.] 103 The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Cassin, read at last meeting, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Dtscriptio7is of new species of Birds of the Genera Tarns, Linn.; Emberiza, Linn.; Carduelis, Briss.; Myiothera, III.; and Leticonerpes, Sw., specimens of which are in the collection of tlie Academy of Natural Sciefices of Phila- delphia, By John Cassin. 1. Parus annexus, nobis. Form. Crested; bill strong, conical; fourth and fifth quills longest and equal, wings and tail rather long, crest pointed. Dimensions. Total length (of skin) from tip of bill to end of tail about 5 inches, wing 2 J, tail 2i inches. Colors. Sex unknown. Anterior feathers of the crest black at their bases and cinereous at their tips, the most elongated of the succeeding entirelyblack, others margined with white, shorter occipital feathers, black ; chin and throat black. Wide line from above the eye running into the crest, thence around upon the side of the neck, white. Line commencing behind the eye, running thence around and uniting with the space of the same color upon the throat, black, cheeks white. Entire superior surface cinereous, tinged with olive, quills and tail feathers brownish black, primaries narrowly edged externally with white, secondaries and tail feathers edged externally with ashy olive. Body beneath ashy white, darker upon the breast. Bill black. Hai. Texas, upon the Rio Grande, discovered by Mr. John Woodhouse Audubon. Obs. This very remarkable species, discovered in Texas by a son of the illus- trious naturalist of the same name, is marked upon the head more like the P. eristatus of Europe than any other American species yet known. It does not resemble that species in any other character, however, being more strictly related to P. bicolor, Linn, and P. inornatus, Gamb., and like them belonging to the genus Lophophanes, Kaup. 2. Partes atricristatns, nobis. Form. Crested, wings and tail rather long. Crest pointed as in P. bicolor, Linn., bill strong, conical. Specimen now described not in mature plumage. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 5 inches, wing 21, tail 2i inches. Colors. Sex unknown. Crest black, front and under parts of the body ashy white, flanks ferrugineous ; entire superior surface cinereous, darker upon the wings and tail, and inclining to olivaceus upon the back. Bill and legs black. Shafts of primaries reddish at their bases, those of the tail feathers white beneath. Hab. Texas, on the Rio Grande, discovered by Mr. John Woodhouse Audubon. Obs. This species is of the same general form and color as P. bicolor, Linn. and P. inornatus, Gamb.; smaller than the former, but about the sizeof the latter. It may be easily recognized by its black pointed crest and white front, which, so far as I know, are peculiar chaiacters. This species, like the preceding, was discovered in Texas by Mr. Audubon, and belongs to the same genus. 104. [Oct. 3. Eniberiza bilineata,, nobis. Form. Bill strong; wings short, with the second, third and fourth primaries longest and nearly equal, some of the secondaries emarginate. Legs and feet rather long. Aberrant, may not belong to this genus. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 5 inches, wing 2 and 4-lOths, tail 2 and 2-lOth inches. Colors. Sex unknown. Line from the nostril running above the eye towards the occiput, and another from the angle of the lower mandible running upon the side of the neck, white, space between those lines including the nares and plumage under the eye and the ears, nearly black. Throat from the base of the bill, black, which color is bounded on each side by the white lines from the angles of the lower mandible, and continues to a somewhat rounded point upon the breast. Head and body above dark cinereous, inclining to brownish upon the back and wing coverts. Quills brownish. Tail brownish black, external feathers having their outer webs pure white and tipped with the same color, the brown color of these feathers extending narrowly along the shafts into the white tips. Body beneath white, tinged with cinereous. Bill bluish horn color. Hab. Texas, on the Rio Grande; discovered by Mr. John Woodhouse Audubon, Obs. This is one of the most remarkable finches yet discovered in America, and is quite unlike, even in general appearance, any other species of this country with which I am acquainted This bird was also brought from Texas by Mr. Audubon. 4. Emleriza Belli, nobis. Form. Wings rather short, second, third and fourth quills longest and nearly equal. Tail and legs rather long. Dimensions. % Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 5i inches, wing 2|, tail 3 inches. Colors. % Head and neck above cinerous, shading into olive upon the back and neck. Frontal spots on each side of the base of the bill, (scarcely united) narrow ring around the eye, and entire under surface white. Edge of the wing at flexure, yellow ; superior wing coverts brown tinged with ferruginous, quills and tail brownish black, nearly all the feathers of both narrowly edged with whitish, most apparent upon both webs of the external tail feathers. Conspicuous spot upon the breast, nares, and lines from the external angles of lower mandible running downwards upon the sides of the neck, deep brownish black. Flanks tinged with rufous and with a few longitudinal stripes of brown. % Slightly smaller, flanks and interior tail coverts more tinged with rufous. Hab. California, near Sonoma and San Diego; discovered by Mr. John G. Bell. Obs. This species resembles in rather a remarkable degree the Emberiza hypochondria, D'Orb. Voy. Merid. Ois- pi. 45, fig. 1, but is smaller and without the deep castaneous flanks of that species. In the bird now described, the dark spot upon the white breast is a striking feature, and is much more strongly pro- nounced than in any other with which I am acquainted. I have named this species in honor of Mr. John G. Bell, of the city of New York, a gentleman possessing a very extensive knowledge of natural history, and whose attachment to the pursuit of which, induced him to make the visit to Cali- fornia, which resulted in the discovery of this and other iateresting birds. 1850.] 105 The following is Mr. Bell's note relating to this species : This bird T shot first near Sonoma, and afterwards at San Diego ; its habits much resemble those of the painted bunting, [S. ciris.) I observed several of them amongst the worm- wood at the edge of the hills, sitting on the tops of the small bushes, singing, and when disturbed would dart downwards. The song is quite unlike that of any of our finches, rather low and plaintive, and perhaps most resembles that of the Swamp sparrow, (Amm. palustris.) It is neither a very active nor a shy bird, and was not rare at the localities mentioned." In a collection of birds deposited in this Academy by Mr. E. L. Kern, and collected by him while with the expedition of Col. Fremont in 1846, there is a specimen of a young bird very much resembling that now described, but much larger, being about the size of the E. hypochondria D'Orb., and is, I think an unknown species. The specimen is not only in bad plumage, but so much injured as scarcely to admit of being mounted. 5. Carduelis Lamrencei, nobis. Form. Bill rather conical, three outer primaries longest and nearly equal ; tail coverts long, tail emarginate. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 4i inches, wing 2 and 8-lOths, tail 2 inches. Colors. % . Head above and a small space around the bill and upon the throat, black ; head behind and sides of the neck pale cinereous, shading into fine brown- ish olive upon the back, and into a paler cinereous upon the sides under the wings, nearly white upon the abdomen and inferior tail coverts. Lesser and exposed portion of greater wing coverts, rump, breast and belly fine pale yellow; upper tail coverts cinereous. Spurious wing, black, conspicuous. Quills brownish black, primaries and succeeding secondaries externally edged with yellow; shorter secondaries edged and tipped with ashy white. Tail brownish black, the external feathers each with a large spot of white on its inner webj very conspicuous. Hab Sonoma and San Diego, California, discovered by Mr. John G. Bell. o . Without black upon the head or throat, those parts being brownish olive ; the yellow color upon the inferior surface more restricted. Obs. This beautiful little bird resembles no other Carduelis which has come under my notice. Mr. Bell's note respecting it is as follows : " This bird I first observed at Sonoma. In habits it much resembled our common Goldfinch (C. tristis.) The flock, out of which I shot these two, was feeding in company with the small black headed species ( C psaltria,) on the seeds of plants growing near the ground, and when disturbed alighted upon the nearest bushes. When flying, they keep up a constant chattering or calling like our common species. I also saw this bird at San Diego, feeding as above in company with the crimson fronted Bullfinch, {Enjthrospiza fro7itaUs,) in the open prairie. I never saw it in the mountains." 1 have named this bird in honor of Mr. George N. Lawrence, of the city of New York, a gentlemen whose acquirements, especially in American Orni- thology, entitle him to a high rank amongst naturalists, and for whom I have a particular respect, because, like myself, in the limited leisure allowed by the vexations and discouragements of commercial life, he is devoted to the more grateful pursuits of natural history. 106 [Oct. 6. Myiothera nudiceps, nobis. Form. Upper part of head bald or with a few bristle like feathers, wings with the fifth quill slightly longest, tail short, legs long. General fornn much like M. longipes, (Vieill.) Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 6i inches, wing 3 and l-8th, tail 2} inches. Colors. 5 . Naked space upon the head blue. Entire plumage black. Wing coverts delicately edged with white, which is also the color of the basal portion of the feathers of the back, (apparent only upon raising them.) Irides white. Hah. Panama; discovered by Mr. John G. Bell. Ohs. This species may readily be distinguished from others of its genus by its bald head, the naked skin of which in the living bird is, as Mr. Bell informs me, " Mazarine blue." His note is as follows : " These birds kept on the ground, running and scratching among the leaves, like the others of the same family which I send, and somewhat like our small Thrushes, (M. mustelina and solitaria.) They were constantly calling and singing a short, loud, and very curious song, which varied in several of its notes at different times, and is entirely different from that of any of our birds. This species appeared to me to be rather a stupid bird, and was easily approached ; it has a habit of puffing up the feathers on its back; the head in recently killed specimens is beautiful Mazarine blue. It was represented to me as a very rare bird by several residents at Panama." 7. Leuconerpes albolarvatus, nobis. Form. Robust, wings with the fourth primary longest, secondaries broad, abruptly terminated, sub-emarginate ; tail rather long, with the feathers soft at the ends. Legs and feet rather slender. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail about 9 inches, wing 5, tail Zi inches. Colors. 5 . Wide mask including greater'part of the head and extending upon the breast, white, which is also the color of a basal portion of both webs of the primaries, and upon the outer webs in a few feathers extends for two thirds of their length. Narrow occipital band scarlet. All other parts, including body above and below, wings and tail, black. o . Similar, but rather smaller, and without the occipital band of scarlet. Hab. Near Sutter's mill, California, discovered by Mr. John G. Bell. Obs. Mr. Bell's note accompanying this very interesting species is as follows: " I shot this bird at the Oregon canon, near Georgetown, about 12 miles from Sutter's mill ; it seemed to prefer the tall pine trees, and generally kept very high. In habits it appeared very much like the P. villosus. Its note is clear and sharp, and it is very active and lively in its movements." Has no near relative yet discovered in North America, and resembles in general characters only the L. dominicanus, (Vieill.) Spix. Av. Bras. pi. 50. ELECTION. Dr. John Evans, of New Harmony, Indiana, was elected a Corres- pondent of the Academy. 1850.] 107 DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In September and October, 1850. SejJtember 3d. Thirty-four hundred and forty-nine specimens of Birds' Eggs from the collec- tion of M. O, Des Murs, 976 do. from the collection of John Gould, Esq., and 207 do. from other sources, comprising 1500 species. Also ten Birds' nests from M. Des Murs' collection, thirty-three do. from Mr. Gould's, and twenty do. from other sources. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. September lOlk. Three specimens of Hippopus maculatus ; one Tridacne, one Cytherea ; three serpents from the China sea; a large living Tortoise from Java; and ten Bird skins. Presented by Capt. John Land. Numerous specimens, in spirits, of American Reptilia. From Mr. Samuel Ashmead. October 1st. A batrachian reptile from New Mexico, probably a young Axolotyl. Pre- sented by Col. J. J. Abert. Cranium of Cynocephalus porcarius, from the Cape of Good Hope, presented by Dr. Watson to Dr. Morton, and deposited by the latter in the Academy. Scarabaeus tityus ^ , from Cape May. From Dr. Townsend. October 8tk. Crystallized Mica, from Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Presented by Mr. F. F. Seal. Petromyzon ?, from the Atlantic Ocean. From Dr. Wilson. Coal Fossils from the Pennsylvania Mines. From Mr. Dewey, of Phila- delphia. Chelonura serpentina. From Dr. Morton. Dr. Morton also deposited the following Crania ; Two ancient Egyptians, four Swedes, one Ostrogoth, two Californians, one Greek, two Brazilians, one Seneca, one Mexican. Also the heads of Ovis montana, fem., and Cervus macrotis. October 15t/u Living specimen of Crotalus durissus. From Mr. Ash. Specimens of Palaemon, Elaps and Cyclura. From Dr. John Neill. October 22d. Dr. Morton deposited Crania of Chelonia midas (2,) Simla (2,) two species of Gulo, one Lupus, one Arctomys, one Procyon. Horn of Rhinoceros bicornis ? from South Africa. From Mr. Watson through Dr. G. Watson. A collection of American Coleoptera, in spirits. From Dr, Watson. 108 ' [Oct. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In September and October, JS50. September Zd. First Biennial Report on the Geology of Alabama. By M. Tuomey. Svo. T)r. Wilson presented the following on the usual conditions : Observations sur les devellopement et la disposition des ceufs de plusieurs especes ovipares appartenent au genre Hirudo. Par M. Rayer. De la Muscardine (maladie des vers a sole.) Par M. le Comte Jacques Barbo, de Milan. Notice sur la Sangsue officinale, &c. Par M. J. Achard. Recherches geographiques sur I'Afrique centrale. Par M. Latreille. Recherches sur la formation de la fibre musculaire. Par M. Dutrochet. Memoire sur la generation des animaux a bourse. Ovologie du Kangaroo. Par M. Costi. Lagographia, ab M. Wolffg. Waldungo. Notice des insects de la France reputes venemeux. Par M. Amoreux. Svo. Vade Mecum fiir Naturaliensammler. Von F. W. L. Suckow. Svo. Avis pour la transport par mer des Arbres, des plantes vivaces, &c. Second ed. 12 mo. Ensayo de una historia de los Paces y otras productiones marinas de la Costa de Galicia. Por Dr. Joseph Cormade. 12 mo. Nouvelle relation d'un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales. Par M. Dillon, M. D. 12 mo. Souvenirs d'un voyage a Sydney fait pendant I'annee, 1845. Par M. Eugene Delessert de Havre. Svo. Description du Cape de Bonne Esperance. Par M. Pierre Kolbe. 3 vols. 12mo. Catalogue Systematique de Id collection de Coquillages, &c., de feu Sieur Michel Oudann. Svo. Les Pigeons de voliere et de Colombier. Par MM. Boitard et Corbie. Svo. Les Ages de la Nature et histoire de I'espece humaine. Par M. le Comte de Lacepede. Tome l"ie. gvo. Dissertatio physiologica inaug. de circulatione et respiratione Animalium pul- monibus instructorum. Auctore G. J, van der Boon Mesch. Precis d'aiiatomie comparee. Par H. Holland. Svo. Descripcion de differentes piezas de historia natural, Las mas del Ramo mari- timo representadas en setenta y cinco laminas. Su autor Don Antonio Parra. 4to. Ornithologlae specimen novum. Auctore Petro Barrere. 4to. Fabii Columnae Opusculum de Purpura. Ab Johann Dan Majoris, M. D. 4to. Nuova Filosofia de la naturaleza del Hombre, &c. ; por Dona Oliva Sabuco de Nantes Barrera. 4to. Relazione del Ritrovamento dell 'uova di Chioccioli di A. F. M. in una lettera al Sig M. Malpighi. 12mo. Specimen Zoologicum, sistens observationes prassertimosteologicas deCasuario Nova; Hollandia?. Auctore P. I. I. de Fremery. Die naturliche historic des Nashorns. Von Dr. Georg L. Huth. 4to. Die Conchylien in dem Natural-kabinet seiner Hochfiirstlichen Gnaden des Hernn Fiirsten und Bischofs von Konstanz. Svo. Experiences servant a demontrer que la pathologie des animaux a sang froid est exempte de I'acte morbide qui dans les animaux a sang chaud a regu le nom d'lnflammation. Par le Dr. Robert Latour. De I'utilite de la culture des Feves et des Pomnjes de terre, dans le departe- ment du Cajvados. 1850.] 109 Memoire sur un Insecte et un Champignon, qui ravagent les Cafiers aux Antil- les. Par Mess. Guerin-Meneville, et Perrottet. Ober het nieu geslacht Nyctophilus Leach. Door C. J. Temminck. Recherches sur la generation des Mammiferes. Par M. Victor Costs. Lettre de M, Coste a M. Raspail sur I'Embryogenie. Observationes microscopiques sur les Animalcules des eaux et des thermes de Ciirlsbad. Par A. C. J. Corda. Aper^u d'histoire naturelle. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 3d series, Vol. 20, No. 2. August 1850. September \Qth. Report of the Joint Committee on Levees. From Prof. C. G. Forschey. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 2d series. No. 28. Sept. 1850. From the Editors, Address delivered at the Anniversary meeting of the Geological Society of London, 15th Feb., 1850. By Sir Charles Lyell. From Dr. Morton. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Historia naturalis curiosa Regni Poloniae, &c., desumpta opera P. G. Rzacz- ynski. 4to. Cyanographia curiosa seu Canis descriptio, et mantissa curiosa complectente J. C. Libell de Canibus Britannicis et J. H. Meibonn epistola de Kounophora. Aucta a C. Paullin. 4to. Voyages dans les Deux Oceans, 1844 a 1847. Par M. Eugene Delessert. 8vo. Voyage en Angleterre, en Ecosse, et aux lies Hebrides. Par B. Faujas St. Fond. 2 vols. 4to. L'Ambassade de la Compagnie Orientale des Provinces Unies vers I'Empereur de la Chine; fait par les St. Pierre de Goyer et Jacob de Keyser. Folio. Description des Plantes de I'Amerique. Par le R. P. Charles Plumier. Folio. Systematischer Catalog der Preparate des Anatomischen Museums der Kbnig- Rhinischen F. W. Univer. zu Bonn. Von Dr. A. F. J. C. Meyer. System dentaire des Mammiferes et des Oiseaux. Par E. Geof. St. Hilaire. Sulla Epistola Zootomica del Prof. Otto al celeb. Blumenbach Brevi Cenni del Prof. Guiseppe Mangili, Essai de classification naturelle et d'analyse des phenomenes de la vie. Par P. N. Gerdy. Memoire pour servir a I'histoire des insectes ennemis de la Vigne et a I'indi- cation des moyens propres a prevenir leurs ravages. Par J. Vallot, M. D. Discorso sulla Antroposofia del Dr. Lucio Cipriano. Observations sur les rapports de la mere et du pere, avec les produits relative- ment au sexe et a la resemblance. Par M. Girou de Buzareingues. Necessite d'introduire I'etude de la Zoologie dans I'enseigment agricole. Par M. F. E. Guerin-Meneville. Recherches microscopiques sur I'Acarus Scabiei. Par MM. Laroi et Vanden- hecke. Considerations sur la Peau et en particulier sur le Derme. Par le Dr. de Buzareingues. Memoire sur les rapports des sexes dans les naissances de I'espece humaine. Par le Dr. de Buzareingues, Nouveaux coups de Fouet scientifiques, Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur la maladie contagieuse qui atta- que les Vers a Sole, et qu'on designe sous le nom de Muscardine. Par M. Vic- tor Audouin ; et Nouvelles experiences sur la meme (la Muscardine,) par le meme. Forschungen iiber Geschlechts-natur. Von Karl Aug. Erb. Rapport fait au nom de la commission chargee d'indiquer la Societe les moyens les plus efRcaces pour la destruction du ver Blanc et du Hanneton. Discours relatifs a i'histoire naturelle. Par J. Draparnaud. Observations nonnullae microscopicse fila (quae primitiva dicunt) in inflamma- tione spectantes. Auclore Theophilus Gluge. no [Oct. Notice historique sur les decouvertes faites dans les Sciences d'observation par I'etude de I'organisation des Grenouiiles. Par M. C. Dumeril. C. Ph. F. Grosiiaus, M. D., specimen anatomico-piiysiologicum de systemate uropoietico, quod est Radiatorum, Articulatorum et MoHuscorunti acephalorum. J. Van der Hoven oratio de aucta et emendata Zoologica post Linnsei tempera, &c. Memoire sur la structure elementaire des princlpaux tissues organiques des aninnaux. Par H. Milne Edwards. Analyse de la philosophie anatomique. Par M. Flourens. Notice sur I'iiistoire, les mcsurs et I'organisation de la Giraffe. Par M. Joly. Recherches d'anatomie et de physiologic sur un embryon monstreuse de la Poule domestique, circonscrit dans I'existence solitaire d'un coeur. Par Charles le Blond. Andentungeniiber den Gang derbei Bearbeitung der Naturgeschichte besonders der Zoologie von ihrem Beginne bis auf unsere Zeiten genommen ist. Von Dr. F. S. Leuckart. Memoire sur les organes de I'absorption chez les Mammiferes. Par M. Magendie. Systematisches Verzeichniss der Petrefacten-Sammlung des Verstorbenen wirkleichen Geh.-Raths Freihernn v. Schlotheim. Nouvelles instructions sur les eaux minerales de Chateldon en Bourbonnois. Catalogus Conchyliorum terrestrium fluviatiliumque Europae coUectionis Caroli Porro. Memoire pour servir d'introduction a un ouvrage sur la respiration des ani- maux. Par G. Fischer. De la nature des Etres. Par Ch. Girou de Buzareingues. September 11th. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition : Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. Herausgeg. von Dr. F. H. Troschel. No. 5, 1848., Nos. 3 and 4, 1849. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France; 2d series, No. 4, 1849. Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie. ^Von K. T. Menke, M. D., und Dr. Pfeiffer. No. 3, 1S50. Comptes rendus. Nos. 1325, Tome 30. No. 1, Tome 31, et index du Tome 29. The London Athenaeum, for June and July, 1850. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 20, 3d series, No. 3. Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. Nos. 3, 4, 5, 1850. Notice sur George Cuvier. Par M. Victor Audouin. Essai sur I'histoire naturelle des Serpens de la Suisse. Par J. F. Wyder. Memoire sur les Os anciens et fossiles, et sur d'autres residus solides de la petrefaction. Par M. J. Girardin et jNI. F. Preis. Remarques sur les oiseaux fossiles. Par Paul Gervais. Muscardine Mission confiee par M. Cunin-Gridaine a M. Guerin-Meneville. Recueil de Planches des Coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Par M. De la Marck. 4to. Catalogus Librorum quibus usus vir clarus Gerardus Sandifort. 8vo. Histoire de Botany Bay. Par M. Jules de la Pilorgerie. 2d edition. 8vo. Summi polyhistoris G. G. Leibnitzii Protog;ea: a C. L. Scheideo. 4to. Di Crostacei e degli altri Marini Corpi che si tiuavaceo su monti libri duae di Anton-Lazzaro Moro. 4to. Observations sur les Insectes. Par Marcel de Serres. 4to. Encefalotomia di alcuni quadrupedi, communicata da Vincenzo Malacarne. 4to. Anatomic und naturgeschichte des Drachens. Von Dr. F. Teidemann. 4to. Beytriige sur anatomic und Physiologic der Thiere. Von Dr. J. A. Albers. Part 1. 4to. Catalogo ragianato e descrittivo della Raccolta de Serpenti del Museo dell J. R. Universita de Pavia del Dr. Fillippo de Filippe. 1850.] Ill Sopra a vestigi di Crostacei Entomostraci del genere Ciclopo di Muller in uno schisto marnoso ittiolitico, &c. Di Ramillo Ranzani. Recherches sur les Coquilles fossiles de la Province d'Anvers. Par H. Nyst. Testacea novissima Insuloe Cubanae et Americae Centralis. Auctore Arthur Morelet. Catalogue des Coquilles trouvees sur les Cotes du departement de la Manche. Par M. Greville. Memoire sur des Cygnes qui chantent. Par M. A. Mongez. Observations sur les moeurs et les habitudes des oiseaux de la Savoie. Par M. J. B. Bailly. Catologo deali animali invertebrati marini del Golpho di Geneva e Nizza observala da Gio. Batta Verany. Histoire naturelle et iconographie des Insectes coleopteres d'Europe. Par M. Latreille et M. le Comte Dejean. Nos. 1, 2, 3. Memoire sur les Podurelles. Par M. I'Abbe Bourlet. * Memoire sur le mecanisme de la respiration des Poissons. (Dumeril.) 8vo. Catologo metodico del Mammiferi Europe! di Carlo L. Principe Bonaparte. Specchio generale del sistemi Erpetologico, Anlibiologico ed Ittiologico di C. L. Principe Bonaparte. Beobachtungen aus der Zoolomie und Physiologic. Von G. R. Treviranus. Part 1. 4to. Dissert, anatomieo-physiolog. inaug. de Manducatione Hominis ceterorumque Mammalium. Auctore F. H. O. Canzius. Memoire sur quelques nouveaux genres de Mollusques et de Vers Lithophages. Par le Cit. Flourien-Bellevue. Rapport fait a la Societe sur les moyens de prevenir et d'arreter les ravages de I'alucite des grains ; au nom de la Commission composee de MM. Busche, Dar- blay, &c. ; Husard fils rapporteur. Sulla malattia attualmente Regnante ni Bovini e sulla scielta del metodo cura- tivo. Lettera del Dott. Pietro Deho al Sig. Sotnmariva. October \st. Delia Mnemotechnia orvero del modo di meravigliosamente facilitar la memo- ria mediante Passociazone delle idee. Del Prof. Consoni Malanese. From the author. Reports of Lieut. Simjison and Capt. Marcy to the War Department, on the route from Fort Smith to Santa Fe. 8vo. From Col. J. J. Abert. Du Systeme nerveux chez les Invertebres (Mollusques et Annelides) dans ses rapports avec la classification de ees animaux. Par M. EmileBlanchard. From the author. De I'appareil circulatoire et des organes de la respiration dans les arachnides. Par M. Blanchard. From the same. Second Memoire sur I'organisation des Malacobdelles. Par M. Blanchard. From the same. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual conditions : Nouveau systeme sur la generation de 1 'Homme et celle de I'oiseau. Par Charles Denys de Launay. 12mo. Histoire des Indes Orientales. Par M. Soucher de Rennefort. 12mo. De Hyena odorifera i^nui^ico Petri Castelli Romani : ed. nouv. 12mo. Eloge de M. le Baroa Georges Cuvier. Par M. le Baron Pasquier. Promenades du Jardin des Plantes. Par MM. Rousseau et Ceran Lemonnier. 12mo. Voyage et avantures de Francois Leguat et de ses compagnons en deux isles desertes des Indes Orientales. 2 vols. 12mo. Letters a un Americain sur Phistoire naturelle de Buffon (Delignac.) 12mo. Elements d'histoire naturelle. Par F. de Guernel. Parts 1 and 2. 12mo. Etudes sur la Muscardine ; maladie des Vers a Soie : faites par MM. Guerin Meneville et Robert. De la Peche du Parcage et du commerce des Huitres en France, Par M. P. A. Lair. 8vo. Experiences et observations sur la reproduction des animaux domestiques. Par M. de Buzareingues. 112 [Oct. Dell 'uomo consderato come un proprio regno del 'Istoria naturelle: Del Prof. Georgio Jan. Prodromus Systennatis Ichthyologiae C. L. Bonaparte Principe di Musignano. Bijdragen totdeNatuurlijke Gescheidenis von dem Negerstein ; door J. Van dec Hoeven. 4to. P. M. Augusti Broussonet, M. D. Ichthyologia ; sistens Piscium descriptiones et icones. Prodromus Icthyologiae Scandinavica : Auctore S. Nillson. 8vo. Description d'une Crane colossal de Dinotherium giganteum trouve dans la Province Rhenane du Grand Duche de Hesse Darmstadt. Par MM. de Klipstein et Kaup. Gulielmi Pisonis M.D. de MedicinaBrasiliensi libri quatuor, et Geo. Marcgravi de Leibstad historiae rerum naturalium Brasiliae libri octo. Folio. Les dons marveilleux et diversement colorees de la Nature dans leregne mine- ral, &c. Par M. Bnchoz. Folio. Untersuchungen liber die Gefaessverbindung zwischer mutter undfrucht in dem Saug;iethieren. Von Karl Ernst von Baer. Folio. Egenhandiga Anteckninger af Carl Linnaeus orn Sig Sjelf med Anmarkningar och Tillagg. 4to. October 8^/t. Otia Ji^gyptiaca. Discourses on^Egyptian Archaeology and hieroglyphical dis- coveries. By George R. Gliddon. 8vo. From the Author. Hand-Book to the American Panorama of the Nile. By G. R. Gliddon. From the same. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Precis d'une voyage au Cap-de-Bonne-Esperance. Par M. P. Delalande. Memorias sobre la Purpura de los Antiguos* Par D. Juan Pablo Canals y Marti. Sopra un nuova genere di Spongiali Silicei. Dal Da. Giovanni Domenico Nardo. Fragments sur les organes genito-rrrinaires des Reptiles et leurs produils. Par G. L. Duvernoy. Delphinus leucopleurus : nova species descripta ab H. Rasch. Memoire sur plusieurs nouveaux organes propres aux Oiseaux et aux Reptiles. Par F. Magendie. Essai pour servir a I'histoire des aniroaux du Midi de la France. Par M. de Serres. Breves animalium quorundam maxima ex parte marinorum descriptiones. Auc- tore F. S. Leuckart. Histoire d'une petit Crustace (Artemia salina Leach) auquel on a faussement attribue la coloration en rouge des Marais salans Meditterraneens. Par M. Joly. De I'Amnios chez les Oiseaux. Par Henri Jacquart. Propositions sur la Monstrosite consideree chez I'Homme et les auimaux. Par Isidore Geotfroy St. Hilaire. Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle, &c., de Cantharides. Par I. Victor Audouin. Disquisitio anatomica de Pinguedine animali. A. C. H. E. Allmer. Dissertation sur la place que la famille des Ornithorhynques et des Echidnes doit occuper dans les series naturelles. Par H. M. Ducrotay de Blainville. Centurie de Lepidopteres de I'lle de Cuba contenant la description et les figures colorees de cent especes de Papillons nouveaux ou peu connus. Par Ph. Poey. Nos. 1 and 2. 4to. Fete Seculaire de Ch. de Linne celebree par la Sociele Imperiale des Nat. de Moscou le l Juin 1835. Par G. Fischer de Waldheim. 1 2 Sur I'huitre des Cotes de France. Par M. Carbonnel. Notice sur le Musee Conchylogique de M. le. Baron Benj. Delessert. Par M. Chenu. Notice sur plusieurs nouvelles especes de Cyclades decouvertes dans les envi- rons de Valenciennes. Par N.-A.-J.-Normaud. C. J. Temminck observations sur la classification m.ethodique des Oiseaux, et remarques sur I'analyse d'une nouvelle Ornithologie elementaire. Par L. P. Veillott. 1850.] 113 Tableau methodique des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles vivants, observes dans le Department de Maine-et-Loire. Par M. Millet. Rapport fait a I'Acad. des Sci. de Paris sur un ouvrage inedit ayant pour titre 'Tableau Methodique de la classe des Cephalapodes.' M. Latreille, rapporteur. Considerationes generales sur les Faluns : description des Terrains tertiaires de la Bretagne et des principaux fossiles qui s'y trouvent. P. P. Duchassaing. Memoire sur des Roches Coquillieres trouvees a la Cime des Alphes Dauphi- noises et sur des Colonnes d'un Temple de Serapis a Pouzzol pres de Naples. Par M. B**. De I'Huitre et de son usage comme aliment et comme remede. Par Etienne St. Marie. Catalogue des Oiseaux du Departement de la Manche. Par Emanuel Cani- vet. Sur les Nummulites. Par Dr. Scortegagna de Lorrigo. Catalogo dei Molluschi della Lombardia compilato di Fratelli Antonio G. Gio. Battista Villa. Dispositio systematica Conchy! iarum terrest. et fluviat. quae adserventur in collectione fratrum Ant. et Jo. Bapt. Villa. Osservazioni sullo stato della Zoologia in Europa in quanto ai Vertebrati nelP anno 1840 '41. Da Carlo Luc. Principe Bonaparte. Descriptive catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects contained in the Museum of the Hon. E. I. Co. By Thos. Horsfield, M. D. Parts 1 and 2. 4to. Catalogue des livres composant la Bibliotheque de feu M. Fred. Cuvier ; do. de feu M. le Baron de Gerando ; do. de feu M. Dumont de St. Croix; do. de Mr. A. M. L. De Nantes ; do. de feu M. D'Arcet ; do. de MM. L. et B. ; do. de M. Felix de Russy ; do. de feu M. De Lamarck ; do. de feu M. le Dr. Breschet ; do. de feu M. le Baron R. Desgenettes ; do. de feu M. Alex. Lauth; do. de feu Chas. Nodier. October 15th. Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. Vol. 4. Nos. 5 and 6. From the Editor. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 17, 1849. From the Society. Reports of the Council and Auditors of the Zoolog. Soc. of London. April 29, 1850. From the same. Conspectus Systematum Herpetologias et Amphibiologiae Caroli L. Bonaparte. Ed. alt. reformata, 1850. From the Author. Conspectus generum Avium. C. L. Bonaparte: pp. 233 344, et pp. 353 400. From the Author. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon. An. 18471849. 8vo. From the Society. Memoires de I'Academie des Sciences, &c., de Lyon. Classe des Sciences. Tomes 1 et 2. 8vo. Classe des Lettres. Tomes 1 et 2. 8vo. From the Society. Annales des Sciences physiques et naturelles d'agriculture et d'industrie pub- liees par la Societe Royale d' Agriculture, &c., de Lyon. Tomes 10 et 11. 8vo. From the Society. Eighteenth memoir vi'ith reference to the law of Storms in India. By Henry Piddington. From the Author. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition. Contributions to Ornithology. By Sir William Jardine. Part 3, 1850. Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. Vol 4. Part 1. Phycologia Britannica. By W. H. Harvey, M. D. Parts 48, 49. Svstematisches Verzeichniss der Europiiischen Schmetterlinge von Heyden- reich. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, with illustrations. Part 3. July to December, 1849. Monographie des Poissons fossiles du vieux gres rouge, ou Systeme Devonien, des lies Britanniques et de Russie. Par L. Agassiz. 4to. and Atlas folio. 15 114 [Oct. Rhea;. Zeitschrift fiir die gesammte Ornithologie. Von Dr. Thienemann. Part 2. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. Vol. 20, pt. 1, 1850. Annales des Sciences naturelles. 3me. serie. Tome 12, Dec. 1849. History of British MoUusca and their shells. By Prof. Forbes, and W. S. Hanley. Parts 30 and 31. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Vol.6. No. 23. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 6. 2d series. Nos. 31, 32. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Vol. 19, pts. 1 and 2. 4to Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig gekannter Conchylien herausgegeben von Dr. R. A. Philippi. 3d Vol., pt. 7. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Part 1, 1850. The Birds of Asia. By J. Gould. Part 2, folio. General Zoology: or systematic Natural History. By George Shaw, M. D. 14 Vols. Svo. Caroli Linn^ei Systema Naturae. Editio decima reformata. 2 vols. Svo. Report of the nineteenth meeting of the British Association for the advance- ment of Science. Svo. Handbuch der Zoologie. Von Georg Aug. Goldfuss. 2 vols. Svo. The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Edward Doubleday, continued by 0. Westwood. Parts 33 and 34. October 22d. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Catalogue des Testaces vivans envoyes d' Alger par M. Rozet au cabinet d'histoire naturelle de Strasbourg. Par M. JMichaud. Bestimming der hundsart krokute und der Barenart Saribur samt deren Abbil- dung. Von Prof. Zauschner. De Apodis cancriformis Shaef. anatome et historia evolutionis. Dissert, inaug. zootomica. Auctore Ernestus G. Zaddach. Dissertatio anatomica-physiologica de peculiari arteriorum extremitatum in nonnullis animalibus dispositione. Auctore H. Vrolik. Vier Abbildungen des Schiidels der Simla satyrus, von verschidenem Alter zur Aufklarung der fabel vom Oran utan; herausgegeben von Dr. C. F. Heusinger. Beskrivelser over en Flaggermuus henhorende tel Slaegten Thiroptera (Spix.) Af. A. Rasch. P. Belloni Cenomani de Arboribus coniferis, resiniferis, &c. Histoire d'une larve aquatique du genre Simulium. Par J. E. Planchon. Commentatio anatomico-physiologica de monstris duplicibus verticibus inter se junctis. Auctore Jo. Car. Leop. Barkow. Observationes anatomicaedeOrthragoriscomola. Auctore Petrus H. J. Willen- berg. Tabillen iiber die Vergleichende Geognosie. Ein versuch von Christian Kefer- stein. Traite de Taxidermie. Par M. Dupont. De caloris animalis origine. Auctore Ed. Hochgeladen. Jac. Chr. Schaeffer de Studii Ichthyologici faciliori ac tutiori methodo. Dissertatio anatomico-pathologica de mutato vasorum sanguiferorum decursu in Scoliosi et Cyphosi, &c. Auctore W. Vrolik. Disquisitio AmpuUularum Lieber-KiJnhnh phisico-microscopica. Auctore Romanus Adolph Hedvvig. Dissertatio physico-medica : complectens experimenta varia calorem enimalem spectantia. Auctore Arnold Duntze Bremensis. Beschreibung und Abbildung von 24 Arten kurzschwiinzigen Krabben ais Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des rothen Meeres. Von Dr. E. Riippell. Vers solitaires et autres de diverses especes dont il est traite dans le livre de la generation des Vers. (Andry.) Symbolae ad Ovi Mammalium historiam ante praegnationetn. Scripsit Dr. A. Bernhardt. Des Fibres elementaires animales. Par MM. Cherest et Bouvaist, D. M. P. 1850.] 115 Discours d'ouverture et de cloture du Coursde Zoologiedonne dans le Museum National d'histoire naturelle, Ans. 6 et 9. Par M. Lacepede. M. Cornelii Verloren commentatio de organis generationis in Molluscis gaste- ropodis pneumonicis. Comnaent. anat. physiol. sistens disquisitionem an verum organorum diges- tion! inserventium discrimen inter animalia herbivora, carnivora, et omnivora reperlatur. Auctore Jano W. Neergaard. Verhandeling over de Drentsche Slangen et Adders door Mr. J. Van Lier. 4to. Bulletin Zoologique, public sous la direction de F. E. Guerin. Nos. 1, 2, 3. Rede bei Eroffnung der Versammlung deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Heidelberg am 18 Sep. 1829, gehalten von F. Teidemann. Nota del Dott. Francesc'Orazio Scortegagna sopra le Nummoliti. Mollusca terrestria et fluviatilia edit. J. Curante C. Porro. 1846. Abbildungen zur Schlangenkunde. Von Dr. H. D. Lenz. Explication des Planches de I'ouvrage sur les Papillons d'Europe (par Ernst.) A Madame de Genlis. 4to. 1850.] 117 Movemher bth, 1850. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. Dr. Leidy read a communication, intended for publication in the Proceedings, entitled "Descriptions of three Filarise," which was re- ferred to Drs. Zantzinger, Hallowell, and Morton. The Curators exhibited a mounted specimen of Lupus gigas, Town- send, being one of the individuals which formed the subject of a paper, read at a late meeting of the Academy, by Dr. Townsend, and pub- lished in the last number of the Journal. Movemher 12th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from Mr. Edward Wilson, dated Lydstip House, Pembrokeshire, Wales, Oct. 21st, 1850, giving information of several cases of books and specimens of Natural History, which had been shipped from England, and were presented to the Academy by himself and others. A letter was read from M. Von den Buch, dated Bremen, Sep. 14th, 1850, addressed to the late Dr. Griffith, in relation to exchanges in Conchology. Referred to the Conchological Committee. JVovember 19th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from the Royal Society of London, dated Aug. 9th, 1850, acknowledging the reception of Part 4, Vol. 1, New Series of the Journal, and of No. 12, Vol. 5, of the Proceedings. The Curators exhibited mounted skeletons of Testudo , from Java, presented by Mr. Ash, and of Hypsiprymnus cuniculus, from Tasmania, presented by Captain Wm. McMichtel. Mr. Vaux, from the Publication Committee, announced the publica- tion of Part 1, Vol. 2, New Series of the Journal, which was ready for distribution to subscribers. JVovembe?- 2Qth. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. The Committee, to which was referred the following by Dr. Leidy, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings : J)e$criptions of three Filaria, By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. FiLARiA -Howij oris. Body white, opaque, linear, thread-like; mouth round, simple ; posterior extrenfiity obtuse, furnished with a short, curved, epider- mal booklet l-500th in. in length, by l-2000th in. in diameter at base. PKOCEED. ACAD. NAT. SCI. OF PHILADELPHIA. VOL. V. JNO. VI. 118 [Nov. Length 5 inches 7 lines, greatest breadth l-66th in.; breadth at mouth l-230th in.; at posterior extremity l-80th in. Remarks. The description is taken from a single specimen preserved in alco- hol, in the collection of the Academy, labelled " obtained from the mouth of a child." Is it a young individual, or perhaps a male of the Filaria medinensis, or Guinea* worm I The latter, as is well known, infests the human body, often growing to an enormous length, several yards or more, in the intertropicsof Asia and Africa. It is frequently brought in the body of negro slaves from Africa to America^ where no entozoon of the kind has ever been noticed to be parasitic in man as an indigenous production. From some late observations on the course of life of entozoa, helminthologists have been led to suspect that most, and probably all en- tozoa pass different stages of their existence in different animals. If such be the fact, may the Filaria medinensis not owe its introduction into the human body> from the custom which prevails in those countries, where the worm is found, of using insect food ? Insects are well known to be infested with Filarise, probably more than any other class of animals. In Egypt, Arabia, &c., the locust i^ eaten; in Guinea, &c., the larger coleoptera; in the raw state, and in this con- dition Filari-E may often be swallowed, and reach a higher developement of thei^ existence in the human body. 2. Filaria Canis cordis. Body white, opaque, linear, nearly uniform throughout, posteriorly subulate, pointed ; mouth simple, round. Length 10 to lOi inches, greatest breadth 2-5th of a line, anteriorly l-5th of a line; half an inch from posterior end, 1-lOth of a line. Remarks. The description is taken from two individuals preserved in alcohol, in the collection of the Academy, presented by Dr. R. Coates, who obtained them, according to the label upon the bottle, from the parietes of the heart of a dog. 3. Filaria Boa constrictoris. 9 . Body white, cylindrical ; integument translucent, longitudinally striated ; mouth simple, round ; oesophagus cylindrical, opaque white ; intestine opa- lescent, cylindrical, tortuous, corrugated, wider than the oesophagus ; anus terminal, round ; generative aperture close to the mouth ; ovaries two, very long and very tortuous. Remarks. The description is taken from two specimens ; one 10 inches long, by 4-5ths of a line wide, the other 6i in. longby 3-5ths of a line wide. In the former the cESophagus is 9 lines long and l-3d of a line wide, the intestine 13 in. long and 3-5ths of a line wide. Habitation. Found in the areolar tissue, in an irregular or tortuous position, between the muscles of the ribs and the integument of a Boa constrictor. Note. In the same Boa constrictor, which was dissected by my friend Dr. Hallowell and myself, we found in the right lung 6 females, 4 males, and a very young individual of Pentastomum proboscideum, and in the ureters of the kidnies 26 individuals of Distomum horridum. ELECTION. Mr. Richard P. Remington, of Philadelphia, was elected a Member of the Academy. 1850.] 119 December Zd. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A communication was read from the Minister of Public Works of France, dated Paris, Sept. 5th, 1850, accompanying a number of Vols. of the "Journal des Mines," and of the Annates des Mines," which had been deficient in the series of that Work in the Library of the Academy ; and also asking in return, certain numbers of the Journal and Proceedings of this Institution. A letter was read from Professor Nillson of Sweden, dated Lund, Sept. 30th, 1850, returning acknowledgments for his election as a Cor- respondent ofthex\cademy,and staling his intention to present a copy of his work on the Fauna of Scandinavian Vertebrata ; and also offering to procure for the Academy, Zoological specimens of that country, if desirable. Referred to the Zoological Committee. Dr. Leidy read a paper entitled " New genera of Vermes," which, being intended for publication in the Proceedings, was referred to Drs. Zantzinger, B. H. Coates and Hallowell. December lOt/i. Vice-President Bridges, in the Chair. Dr. Leidy exhibited several molar teeth and fragments of maxillae of a fossil Rhinoceros, from Missouri territory, received from the Smithsonian Institution through Prof. Baird, which indicate a species little more than half the size of the recent R. indicus. He character- ized it under the name of R. occidentalis. Dr. Leidy also exhibited drawings, and offered the following remarks on the nettling organs of the Hydra : There are three different forms of these organs. The first are of comparatively large size, and are pyriform in shape, measuring about l-1700ths in. in length, by l-2125ths in. in breadth. They are found principally upon the arms, and anterior two thirds of the surface of the body, although they are found upon the posterior third also, but few in number. Colorless and transparent, they contain within them an elongated pyramidal body about l-3400ths in. in length, the apex of which is in contact with, or slightly protrudes from, the projecting extremity of the nettling cell ; the base is divided into four lobes and rests upon a prolate spheroid body which has its other extremity applied to the middle of the concav- ity of a cup-shaped mass of faintly yellowish matter occupying the inferior third or bas-fond of the receptacle. The pyramidal body is described by Corda* as being a calcareous dart capable of protrusion from the cell, but incorrectly, for when it is forced from its receptacle, it divides into four spine-like processes, which project outward nearly at right angles to the extruded mass. The intervals unoccupied, and the bodies just described within the cell are filled Nov. Act. Phys. Med. 1836, p. 301. 120 [Dec. with a transparant colorless fluid. When the Hydra brings its arms in contact with its prey, the projecting ends of those nettling cells which touch it appear to adhere to the captured animal, and in the struggles of the latter, a delicate thread from the nettling cell is observed to be attached to the prey which is lengthened in the movements oC the latter, entangling its limbs ; and if the struggling con- tinues or the prisoner escapes, it will be found to have several of the nettling cells, torn from the Hydra, adhering by the long delicate threads. In the detach- ment of the nettling cells, after considerable elongation of the thread, the whole of the interior mechanism is first withdrawn from the cell and adheres to its pro- jecting end, as a cylindrical mass, faintly outlined, with a pyramidal summit from which proceeds the thread, and from the upper third of its sides, rise out- wardly like springs, nearly at right angles to it, the four spinous processes be- fore mentioned. The nettling cell itself, appears darkly outlined from the thick- ness of its wall, and is much narrower than in the ordinary condition from the loss of a considerable part of its contents, and within is nothing else but a clear fluid. The traction continuing, the whole cell and appurtenances become detached from the Hydra. The thread which originated in the interior of the cell appears to be of a viscid character, for if any of these cells of the arms of the Hydra come in contact with its own body, they adhere with such tenacity, that the former can only be detached, at the expense of the loss of several of the nettling cells. From the detached cells often being found attached to the Hydra itself by the long threads, some observers, as Ehrenberg,* have considered that they were organs, which the animal threw out from itself like anchors. The second form of nettling organs, are found arranged in more or less regular circles around the first or largest form, usually nine to fourteen in a circle. They are transparent, pyriform, about l-3400th in. in length by 1 -5666th in. in breadth, and have projecting from the prominent extremity a cilium about l-875th in. in length. These cells are described by Corda as containing a thick walled sac, adhering to the outer cell at the base of the cilium. According to my obser- vations, the appearance of an inner sac arises from a contained thread which forms a double spiral, one end of which forms the cilium projecting from the nettling cell. The third form of nettling organs, are found in greatest abundance about the head of the animal, but also exist upon the arms, particularly at the lower part, and upon the surface of the body generally. This form appears never to have been before noticed. They are oblonc;, transparent cells, about 1-2 125th in. long by l-5666th in. broad, and contain within them a spiral thread, more delicate than in the second form of cells, and have a greater number of turns which take a direction transversely to the length of the cell. They resemble very much in their appearance one of the forms of nettling cells of Corynactis, figured by All- man in the 17th vol. of the Annals of Natural History, PI. 11, fig. 4. I have never been able to see the threads prolonged externally, on account of their minuteness, in contact with the prey of the Hydra ; but by pressure and the continued en- dosmosis of water I have detected them protruded in this as well as the second form described. All the forms of nettling organs are placed within especial organic cells, adher- See Arch, fiir Naturgesch. 1842, p. 71. I 1850.] 121 ing by the more prominent extremity of the organ to that part of the interior pa- rietes of the cell, corresponding to the free surface of the animal upon which they are placed. Their developement is special from the granular contents of the or- ganic cells and not from the nucleus, for in the first or largest form of nettling organs, in their developement upon a bud of the Hydra, I have been able to detect one within an organic cell, and a nucleolated nucleus at its side. The foregoing observations have been made in frequent efforts to detect some form of cell within the head of the Hydra which would be different from the gene- ral structure of the body, and probably characterize a nervous system, but although I have examined the animal in different menstrua under a variety of circum- stances, I have never been able to discover anything which could be referred to a nervous structure. December 17th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A communication was read from the American Philosophical So- ciety, dated Dec. 7th, 1850, acknowledging the reception of Part 1, Vol. 2, of the Journal of the Academy. A communication was read from Dr. T. C. Henry, dated Albany, Dec. 2d, 1850, in reference to two fishes from Oswego Lake, lately presented by him to the Academy, and describing one of them as a new species under the name of Centrarchus Oswego. On motion, the communication was referred to a committee consisting of Mr. Cassin, Dr. Fisher arid Dr. Leidy. Dr. Leidy presented for the inspection of the members, fragments of fossil mammalian remains, from Missouri Territory, received from the Smithsonian Institution, through Prof. Baird, consisting of portions of crania, maxilla) and teeth, which he characterized under the names of Rhinoceros nebraskensis a species not much larger than a common hog, Palaeotherium Bairdii, Merycoidodon Culbertsonii, and Agrio- choerus antiquus. 1. Rhinoceros Nebraskensis. A species founded upon a great portion of the face, containing all the superior molar teeth ; an inferior maxilla with six molars ; and three superior, apparently deciduous molars. It is about the same size as the R. minutus of Cuvier. Length of line of seven superior molars, .... 4 7-10 inches. " six inferior " . . . . 4 2-10 " Breadth of jaws from the first superior true molar teeth of one side to the other, 3 8-10 " 2. Agriochcerus, n. g. Founded upon a great portion of the face and inferior maxilla, containing six molar teeth on each side, and the posterior two molars of both sides superiorly of another individual. The posterior molars of this genus resemble in general form those of Merycopotamus, Fall-., 4- Cant., and are about one-third smaller, but the outer demicones are not separated to the base from each other like the former, but are combined by a rounded column as in Hyo- potamus bovinus. 122 [Dec. The fourth premolar has four demicones, but the Internal posterior one is rudi- mentary. The third has two demicones; the external large, the internal small. The second form, but a single cusp. The inferior true molars in general form re- semble those of Merycoidodon, but may at a glance be distinguished by the pos- terior edge of the postero-external demicone bifurcating before it terminates, sending one arm to join the internal angle of the posterior internal demicone ; the other to join its posterior external face about the centre. Length of range of superior six molars, 3 in. 1 line. " < inferior posterior five molars, . . . 3 " 1 " Breadth efface from one superior posterior molar to the other, 2 " 10 " The species he called A. antiquus. 3. PALiEOTHEPauM. Remains of this genus have been previously discovered in this country. Dr. Prout in Silliman's Journal, Vol. 3, n. s., p. 248, describes a fragment of an inferior maxilla of a species larger than the P. magnum of Cuvier. The species, for distinction, may be named P. Proutii. A second species was founded upon the cranium and a portion of the face con- taining the true molars ; and the six superior and inferior molars of both sides of another individual. This species is about two-thirds the size of P. crassum. The arrangement of the superior molars is very like that of Paleotherium Hippoides. Length of range of seven superior molars, .... 2 8-10 inches. *' seven inferior " .... 3 " Breadth of face on line with posterior superior molars, . 2i " This second species Dr. L. named P. Bairdii, in honor of Prof. S. F. Baird, Curator of the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Morton commenced a series of remarks on the embalmed heads of Man, and the inferior animals from the Egyptian Catacombs ; previ- ously to which, he exhibited a drawing made from one of the former, which delineated with truthful pre- cision the peculiar characteristics of the Egyptian conformation. The accompanying cut has been made from the drawing : -,,,,, m He called the attention of the Society to the fact, that the mummied body unwrapped by Mr. Gliddon, in Boston, during the past year, is unequivocally identified with the reign of Osorkon IH, by finding the cartouche or oval of that King stamped in four different places on a leather cross, placed diagonally on the thorax in front. Osorkon belongs to the XXII Dynas- ty, and his reign is placed between the years 890 and 905 B. C; consequently the present individual, who was Theban, dates back about 2730 years. The physical characteristics are admirably in ac- 1850.] 123 cordance with those of the pure Egyptian race, as seen in the somewhat receding forehead, the gently arched nose, slightly retracted chin, and general delicacy of form and proportion of the facial bones. The hair was destroyed by the bitu- menizing process, which has been performed in such excess as to efface the expres- sion of the soft parts, and to render it impossible to measure the facial angle, or the internal capacity of the cranium. There are one hundred and thirty embalmed Egyptian heads in the Collection of the Academy, but none of them can be even proximately dated ; whence the great interest that attaches to the present example. Two Egyptian heads were then unwrapped in the presence of the members. They were both from Thebes, where they were procured by A. C. Harris, Esq. of Alexandria, sent by him to Mr. Gliddon, and placed by the latter gentleman in the collection of Dr. Morton. One of these heads, was of a man of 80 years, of Pelasgic or Graeco-Egyptian form, with remarkably fine proportions and expression, and very fine hair, which the embalming process had changed, as it always does, from a black to a dark brown color. The second head was that of a female, which was unfortunately so broken as to leave nothing but the cranial poition, and a profusion of the long, fine, curling hair, which was one of the characteristics of the azUoctho7ies of the Nile. December 24'th. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from Dr. John Evans, dated St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 9th, 1850, acknowledging the receipt of his notice of election, as a Cor- respondent. Also one from the New York State Library, dated Albany, Dec. 20th, 1850, acknowledging the reception of Part 1, Vol. 2, New Series, of the Journal. Also one of the same import from the Smithsonian Institution, dated Washington, Dec. 3d, 1850. Mr. Cassin read a paper intended for publication in the Proceed- ings, entitled "Notice of an American species of Duck, hitherto regard- ed as identical with the Oidemia fusca, Linn." Referred to Drs. Zant- zinger, Townsend, and Woodhouse. Dr. Morton made some additional remarks on embalmed Egyptian heads. December 31st. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. The committee to which was referred the following paper by Dr. Leidy, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. J 24, [Dec. Description of new genera of Vermes. By Joseph Letdy, M. D. 1. Peloscolex. n.g. Setae in two rows, 6 to 10 in each fasciculus; podal hooks in two rows, in twos or threes, bifurcated at the free extremity; each an- nulation furnished with a circle of prominent tubercles, with numerous smaller ones. Upper lip hardly projecting. Girdle not prominent. Blood red. 1. Peloscolex Variegatus. Body cylindrical, posteriorly obtuse, anteriorly sub-acute. Setcc simple, usually 10 in each fasciculus anterior to the girdle, absent in the posterior 22 annulations. Podal hooks anteriorly in threes, diver- gent, strong, sigmoid, bifurcated at the extremity ; posteriorly in twos, one rudi- mentary. Each annulation furnished with a circlet of elevated, rounded tubercles, 1. sooth in. in heighth, and numerous smaller ones, also arranged in transverse circles. Anterior, 3 or 4 annulations reddish ; after these 25 are deep black, except the tenth or girdle, which is broad and brownish ; posterior annulations red or brown. Upper lip so little projecting that the mouth appears almost termi- nal, furnished with short, stiff hairs. Whole number of annulations 50. Length 4 lines ; length of setae, l-133d in. to l-80th in. ; length of podal hooks l-400th in. to l-178th in. Habitation. Foand in the spring of the year in the ferruginous mud at the bottom of springs impregnated with iron, near Philadelphia. 2. Chaetogaster, Baer: Baer, Nova acta nat. Curios. 1827,;?. 614; Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys., 1831. Nais dia'phina and Nais diastropha, Gruithuisen. Nov. act. nat. cur. 182S, p. 407. Body cylindrical, elongate ; mouth inferior, large, triangular; anus terminal. Podal spines in transverse fasciculi, inferior, simple ; the first pair of fasciculi close to the mouth ; the second distant. Intestine straight, capacious. Eyes none. Blood white. Increasing by division. Leidy. 2. Chaetogaster GULOsus. Body whitish, translucent; posteriorly obtuse, cili- ated with long hairs; mouth infero-terminal, large, triangular, simple; upper lipdi- gitiform, ciliated. (Esophagus short, narrow ; first stomach long, cylindrical, transparent ; 2nd stomach large, oblong ; intestine straight, capacious. Podal spines in pairs of fasciculi of 5 or 6 each, simple, divergent, curved backward near the free end, retractile ; first pair just posterior to each side of the mouth inferiorly ; second pair removed far back. Usually found in the state of di- vision ; commonly 2 to 4 subdivisions. First subdivision l-24th in. ; furnished with 6 pairs of fasciculi of podal spines, the second pair one half of the length of the subdivision from the first or oral pair. Second subdivision 1-lOOth in. ; third, l-66th in. ; fourth 1-lOOth in. Each of these latter furnished with 4 fasciculi of podal spines. Whole length, 1 line ; will contract to half a line ; breadth, l-140th in. ; mouth, when open, l-250th in. ; length of podal spines, l-133d in. Habitation and Remarks. Foundi abundantly with Hydra fusca, etc., in the water of marshes in the vicinity of Philadelphia. This worm is very active in its movements and very rapacious. Creeping upon bodies in the water, it rapidly elongates the anterior part of its body in various directions, and swallows great numbers of the smaller infusoria. In turn, it is much preyed upon by the 1850.) 125 Hydra fusca. When the anterior part of the body is elongated in search of food, the mouth is much distended and terminal. 3. Rhynchoscolex, n. g. Body cylindical, soft, naked, transversely and finely striated, vibrillated,anteriorly elongated into a proboscidiform appendage. Mouth inferior; anus terminal. Intestine simple, straight. Eyes none. 3. Rhynchoscolex simplex. Yellowish white, opaque, anteriorly abruptly at- tenuated into a long, cylindrical clavate, proboscidiform appendage : anteriorly abruptly narrowed, obtusely truncate or rounded. Proboscis presenting longitu- dinal and numerous transverse marks. Mouth inferior, at the base of the latter appendage. Intestine straight and capacious. Length, 2 to 3 lines ; breadth, l-6th of a line; proboscis l-133d in. long, but may lengthen to l-80th in. Habitation and Remarks. A small wriggling worm found among yellowish fragments of vegetable matters and conferva; at the bottom of clear brooks in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Under a very little pressure it undergoes rapid disintegration into globular masses : (cells of the structure distended by endos- mosis ?) 1. Emea.* Body elongated, plano-convex, soft, proteiform, naked, covered with minute vibrillae. Alimentary canal simple, tortuous, furnished with a giz- zard containing a dental apparatus; mouth and anus terminal. Eyes two or three, on each side of the head. 1. Emea rubra. Elongated, compressed, contracting irregularly, broadest pos- teriorly, anteriorly obtuse, yellowish flesh colored. Head semi-oval, neck project- ing laterally. Eyes, two or three black spots placed in a line behind one another on each side of the head and neck. Mouth simple, opening into a narrow pharynx; intestine cylindrical, narrowed posteriorly, furnished with a small, round, muscular stomach, containing a corneous dental apparatus at its entrance. Generative apparatus consisting of two very tortuous and capacious tubes, pass- ing the whole length of the body on each side of the alimentary canal. Length from 3 to 10 lines; breadth l-5th to l-3d of aline. Habitation and Remarks. Found in marshes in the vicinity of Philadelphia, creeping upon dead vegetable substances, or upon the ground. When touched or irritated, it secretes a large quantity of very tenacious mucous. Under slight pres- sure it will voluntarily evert more than one half of the intestinal canal through the mouth, and upon removal of the pressure, after some minutes, will again with- draw it, and apparently without injury having been sustained, as the animal lives for days afterwards in its usual circumstances. The interior of the body, in the intervals of the viscera, is filled with discoidal corpuscles, as in Nais, etc. The interior of the intestine is every where furnished with nutritive villoid ap- pendages. 2. AwoRTHA.f Body sub-compressed, soft, naked, vibrillated, inarticulate. Ali- mentary canal simple, straight, alternately contracted and dilated. Mouth and anus terminal, simple, indistinct. Eyes none. 2. Anoktha gracilis. White, opalescent, very contractile, moniliform * l/tw, from the disposition the animal has to protrude or vomit forth the ante- rior part of the intestine. tarogOow, from the erect position of the animal. 15 126 (Dec. from an alternation of contraction and dilatation, corresponding usually to ten segments, into which the animal may subdivide, but more or less disappearing in elongation of the body, becoming more apparent by wrinkling in shortening of the body ; anteriorly semi-ovate, sub-acute ; posteriorly elongated, cylindroid, obtusely rounded. Apparent segments panduriform, furnished each posteriorly with a clear globular nucleolated nucleus. Intestine variable in capacity, usu- ally dilated in the anterior dilatation of each apparent segment, and much con- tracted in the intervals. Length from 1-2 to 2 lines, shortening to 1 or 1-4 aline ; breadth, when elonga- ted, from l-400th to 1 300th in. ; when shortened from l-300th in. to 1-2 of a line. Habitatio7i and Remarks. Found in the same situation as the preceding, creeping planaria-like upon different substances, or most frequently holding a vertical position in the water, apparently without movement, but re- taining their position by means of the actively moving vibrillae, whicii are com- paratively larger than in the preceding worms. They appear to feed upon vegetable particles brought to the mouth by means of the currents produced by vibrillae. The intestine is usually empty, except at the dilated portions, where it is yellowish or greenish, from granular matters contained within. The whole structure of the animal is exceedingly simple, composed of nucleolated, granular corpuscles, those forming the exterior of the body being furnished with vibrillee. Under slight pressure, these corpuscles undergo separation from one another, and become globular by endosmosis; in this state they measure from the l-7000th in. to the l-2800th in. The nucleoli are globular, shining, and measure the l-90Qthin. in diameter. The exterior vibrillated corpuscles, after separation from the body, often move about for some seconds. The vibrillee measure about l-3500th in. long. Each segment of the animal's body, at its posterior part, contains a globu- lar, transparent nucleus, measuring the l-2333d in. in diameter, with a globular, refractile nucleolus the l-7000th in. in diameter. This latter body, with the form of the apparent segments, makes the animal resemble a row of gregarinae attached together. The Committee on the following paper by Mr. Cassin, read Dec. 24th, 1850, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Notice of an American species of Duck, hitherto regarded as identical with the Oidtmia fiisca, {Linn.) By John Cassin. Oidemia velvetina, nobis. Audubon, Birds of Am. pi. 247. Form. 5 Generally similar to that of 0. fusca, but is rather larger, bill longer and more slender, with the protuberance at the base of the upper mandible more prominent and more extended. Space between the nostril and the edge of the upper mandible much narrower in the present species. Upon the protuberance at the base of the bill in this species, the velvet like plumage of the front terminates in a well defined point, as represented in the figure of the female in Aud. pi. 247, while in 0. fusca this termination is abruptly sub-rounded as in both figures in Selby, Ill.pl. 67, though I have never seen a specimen in which this rounded character is so distinctly marked as there represented. 1850.] 127 Color. 5 Entitely black, except a spot under the eye and the exposed por- tion of the secondaries, which are white. The white spot under the eye is larger in the species now described. Hab. Atlantic coast of North America. Obs. The two species here alluded to are easily distinguished from each other when examined toi^ether, and both may possibly be found in America and Europe. The pointed extension of the velvety plumage upon the upper mandible is the most ready character by which the species now described may be known. It ap- pears to be the bird figured by both Wilson and Audubon as the Anas fusca Linn. Specimens of both species are in the collection of this Society; the specimen which led to their examination was shot at Egg Harbor. N. J., and presented re- cently by our fellow member, E. J. Lewis, M. D. The annual Report of the Treasurer was read and referred to the Auditors. The Report of the Librarian was read, as follows : REPORT OFTHELIBRARIAN For the year 18.00. The additions to the Library, of all descriptions, during the present year amount to 2965, this number being more than double that of 1849, and far exceeding the ratio of any previous year since 1834. The subjoined table has been prepared in the ordinary form, presenting the number of volumes, pamphlets, and works in parts or numbers, in each subject. o .5 o > .S a. M m S 'M w Subject. o S i o 5 Subject u = 3 . O T t' m 5 S m := M aiC S d, S J3 li - *j Q. ^ c * -2 "^ = S i 5 u S ii m a a. ^ z a. General Natural Histurj, 151 40 3t; Brought over. 744 244 395 Mammalogy, l2 1 ij Physical Sci. and Chemistry, 10 1 10 Ornitliokiffv. 78 35 2: Mi^dicine, .... 3 15 Kntomology and Crustacea, 191 23 5f Trans, and Proceed, of See, Iclitlivdiogy and Herpeloldgy, 9 4 19 Journals, Annals, &c., &c.. r.22 SSA Conchfdogy and Helniintlio- Voyages and Travels, 147 136 7 logj, .... 'le 5K 51 Geography, .... 26 2 Geology and Mineralogy, 105 21 57 Dictionarfes of Arts and Sci. no Botany, 9 9 7 Bihliography, 23 17 Anatomy and Physiology. 141 55 127 Miscellaneous, 34 1719 77 744 244 395 715 .Ml Of the whole number 2965, there have been contributed by authors 74; by edi- tors 18 ; by members, correspondents, and others 109 ; by societies and corpora- tions 113 ; by Dr. Wilson 2493; by Mr. Edward Wilson, of Wales, 153; by the TJ. S. Treasury Department 5 (charts.) The extensive contributions of Dr. Wilson to the Library, including those of the present and previous years, are now the property of the Society, on the sole condi- tion that they are not to be loaned from the Hall. The propriety of this restric- tion is unhesitatingly acknowledged by all connected with the institution. It is 128 [Dec- also in entire accordance with the views of the earlier members of the Society, among them ?.^r. Maclure, who was decidedly in favor "of making the Library a Reading Room, with all possilde facilities for those persons who wish to consult the books." I quote from the excellent report of the Library committee pre- sented in 1836. These facilities are now certainly all that can be desired, and we may even hope that the restriction will be extended by an act of the So- ciety, to all the hooks contained in the Library, no exceptions being made as at present. Among the many valuable additions this year, may be mentioned the follow- ing: D'Orbigny's Palaeontologie Frangaise, nearly complete, from Dr. Morton; Blainville's Osteographie as far as published; Demidoff's Voyage dans la Russie Meridionale; Paxton's Magazine of Botany, Vols. 1 to 17; Memoirs of the Royal Society of Lille, 26 vols.; Commentationes Soc. Reg. Sci. Gottingensis, 32 vols.; Comptes Rendus, vols. 1 to 23, (completing the series in the Library ;) Aiinales des Sciences Nat., 3d series, 20 vols.; Miscellanea curiosa, Ephemerides, Acta Physico-medica,and Nova Acta Acad. Casar, Leopold-Carol mre Nat.Curiosorum, about 80 vols.; Commercium Litterarium, 15 vols.; Transactions of several Berlin Societies, 39 vols.; Annales Acad. Rheno-Trajectinae, 25 vols.; Memoires, An- nales, Nouv. Annales, et Archives du Museum d"Hist. Nat. de Paris, 21 vols, (completing the Academy's series ;) Commentarii de R 'bus, 44 vols.; Diction- naire des Sci. Nat. 75 vols.; Trans, of Royal Irish Academy, vols. 1 to 13; of the Royal Asiatic Society, vols. 1 to 10 ; Journal of the Ro)-al Geographical Society, vols. 1 to 19; Brewster's Edinburgh Journal of Science, and Brande'sdo. 32 vols.; Diet, classique d'Hist. nat. 17 vols.; Shaw's General Zoology, 14 vols.; for all of which we are indebted to the untiring liberality of Dr. Wilson. Mr. Edward Wilson, of Pembrokeshire, Wales, the brother of our esteemed fellow-member, has been a large contributor to the Library during the pre- sent year. He has also been instrumental in creating an interest in the Library with other friends of our institution abroad, and among them a number of naturalists and men of science, from whom we have already derived numerous highly acceptable contributions. Through exchanges with Societies, we continue to receive considerable acces- sions to the Journal department. To the " Ecole des Mines," of Paris, we are particularly indebted this year, for eighteen volumes of the Journal and Annales des Mines. Our series of that valuable periodical is now complete, with the excep- tion of three or four volumes. The exchange list, however, is not yet as desira- ble as we hope it will be, when our relations with foreign scientific bodies are more extended, and placed upon a better and more permanent footing than at present. The extraordinary rapidity with which the Library of our favored institution has advanced of late years, has astonished and gratified all connected with it. In the last annual report it was stated that, in consequence of its great increase, it had become necessary to extend the accommodations for books into the adjoining room, and that arrangements were then being made for that pur- pose. The alterations were soon afterwards completed, and the apartment has been fitted up in a tasteful and commodious manner. The cases on ihe floor con- tain the various Transactions, Journals, and similar works, and those on the gal- lery are entirely occupied with the Dictionaries of Arts and Sciences, and the valuable collection of works on Antiquities and the Fine Arts. 1850.] 129 The Library has increased from about 7000 volumes in 1836, to upwards of 12,000 volumes in 1850, a period of about fourteen years, nearly all of which have been the gratuitous contributions of individuals or societies, very few having been obtained by purchase, or through public sources. The annexed statement shows the number of volumes in each department, ascertained by actual enumeration within the last few days. Natural Sciences, Anatoqay and Physiology, Voyages and Travels, History and Geography, Trans, of Soc, Journals, Memoirs &c.. Dictionaries of Arts and Sciences, Maps in volumes. Chemistry and Physical Science, Historical documents of all descriptions. Antiquities and the Fine Arts, Miscellaneous, .... In the Hall, but not yet presented. Works in parts or numbers not yet completed, and pamphlets, when bound, forming about 3213 vols 286 766 501 1944 530 22 307 1857 428 1354 350 Respectfully submitted by Hall of the Academy , Dec. 31, 1850. Total, 500 12,057 Wm. S. Zantzinger, Librarian, The following report was read by Dr. Leidy, Chairman of the Curators : REPORT OF THE CURATORS For 1850. The museum of the Academy has continued to increase during the year just closing, with the vigor which characterized it the preceding two years. Several of the departments have received very large accessions; others, which from their comparative state of completeness preclude any extensive contributions, have re- ceived donations of value and rarity ; and all have had important additions. The arrangement of the Cabinet of the Academy devolves upon a few members, who being able to devote but a portion of their time to the purpose, from the extent of the collection it must be necessarily slow. One of our most important aids in this respect we lost last summer : I allude to our much lamented fellow-member and Vice President, Dr. R. E. Griffith, who was steadily engaged, during his mo- ments of leisure, in arranging the conchological collection, to which he had so ex- tensively and liberally contributed. The Academy has also been unfortunate this year in the loss of another of its important members. Dr. Gambel, one of our best and most enterprising ornithol- ogists, who, when at home, frequently lent his valuable assistance in arranging the ornithological collection. 130 [Dec. AH objects of the museum of a destructible character are in a good state of preservation, and appear to be well protected from the attacks of Der- mestes and Ptinus by the vapor of ether, which has been lately introduced into use for this purpose by Dr. Wilson. The increase in the cabinet during this year, will be briefly noticed under the head of each respective department. Mammalia. In this class the Academy has been greatly enriched by the addi- tion of the collection of Dr. J. K. Townsend, made by himself in the Rocky Mountains and Oregon, consisting of 37 species, 56 specimens, in skin, in a good state of preservation. These were liberally presented to the Society by Dr. Townsend. Most of them are the specimens from which the species were origip- ally described, and many of them are exceedingly rare in natural history collec- tions, and a few are unique.* Among them are two specimens of the gigantic wolf of America, Lu'pus gigas, lately described by Dr. Townsend in the Journal of the Academy. We have also received skins of twenty species of mammalia, f of Euiope, Asia, Africa, and Australia, from W. E. Strickland, Esq., of England, through Dr. Wilson. Another addition of great value was made by Dr. T. B. Wilson, consisting of one hundred specimens from the collection of the Prince of Canino, C. L. Bona- parte, being the originals of those species figured and described in the Fauna Italica. We are also indebted to Capt. W. McMichael for 7 species. 8 specimens, of animals from Van Dieman's Land. Besides the above there were presented to the Society ten species from various sources. Aves. We have received during the year 71 bird skins, of which 51 are from Van Dieman's Land, presented by Capt. W. McMichael; 10 from China, present- ed by Capt. John Land ; the remainder from various localities, presented by Dr. E. J. Lewis, and others. The valuable Des Murs collection of Bird's eggs, containing 12S1 species, men- tioned in the last report of the Curators as a deposit, has since been presented to the Academy by Dr. Wilson. To Mr. Samuel Ashmead we are also indebted for the donation of 38 species, 48 specimens of American bird's eggs. There were also presented by various individuals, principally members of the Society, 15 species of nests, and 23 of eggs, from different localities. Reptilia. Of reptiles there have been received 65 species, 80 specimens, be- sides numerous American duplicates, principally from Dr. McCartee, of Ningpo, China ; Capt. John Land ; Mr. Sandwith Drinker, of Hong Kong, China ; and Mr. Ashmead. Pisces. In ichthyology the cabinet has received, rather unexpectedly, a large and very valuable collection, presented by Dr. T.B. Wilson, consisting of 767 bottles containing fishes in alcohol, and 177 dried specimens of the latter, for- merly belonging to Prince C. L. Bonaparte, and being the originals of the de- scriptions and illustrations of the Fauna Italica. * For list, see Proceedings for January and February, 1850, p. 13. fib. March and April, 1850, p. 37. 1850.] 131 From other persons we have received eleven species of fishes, principally American. Molltisca. In this department there have been presented 107 species of shells, from various localities, principally by Mr. Ed. Verreaux,of Paris, Dr. McCartee, of China, and Messrs. E. T. and Chas. W. Wilson. Insecia. A fine collection of Brazilian insects, consisting of 484 species, 981 specimens, has been added to our cabinet through the liberality of Henry Bond Dewey, Esq., of Para, Brazil, through Dr. Henry Bond, of this city. To Dr. McCartee, also, we are indebted for the gift of 120 species, 216 speci- mens, of Chinese insects. Other collections have also been received, but without definite number, in exchange or by donation, principally from Drs. Heerman, Townsend, and Watson. The collection of insects of the Academy is arranged in boxes in the form of large quarto volumes, with glass on the two sides, so as to permit the objects to be viewed from above and below without disturbance. The Lepidoptera now arranged amount , to 979 species, 1692 specimens. Crustacea, Myriapoda, and Arachnida. A large collection of Crustacea has been presented to the Academy by Dr. Wilson, consisting of 381 species, 749 specimens, from all parts of the world. There have been received, also, nine species from different persons. Ten Spidtrs and three Myriapods were presented by Dr. McCartee, of Ningpo. Echinodermata. Of Echini and star fishes we have received 21 species, 41 specimens, chiefly from Mr. Edward Wilson, and Messrs. Harwick and Argent, of London. Comparative Anatomy. In this department the additions have been unusually large and valuable, as follows: 1st. A large series of articulated skeletons of birds, 165 species; 52 sterna, 10 crania, and 3 other anatomical pieces of birds, purchased in Paris by Mr. Edward Wilson, and presented by Dr. Wilson ;* ad. 53 sterna of birds, presented by M. De la Berge ; 3d. 16 skeletons of birds, presented by Mr. Goadby, of London ; 4th. 5 skeletons, 3 crania, and 3 sterna, of birds, from Messrs. Verreaux and Lambert, and Dr. Blandin'j; ; 5th. 2 skele- tons and 3 crania of mammals, presented by Drs. Blanding and Johnson, and Mr. Schafhirt: 6th. a deposite of 26 human and other mammalian crania, from Dr, Morton. Botany. The herbarium has been increased by the addition of 43 species of Fungi, 46 Musci and Hepatici, 29 Lichenes, and 13 Phanajrogamia from South Carolina, presented by H. W. Ravenel ; a collection of plants from Madeira and the adjoining islands, presented by Purser Henry Etting, U. S. N., through Dr. Hays ; seeds of 150 indigenous plants of New South Wales, presented by the Royal Society of Van Dieman's Land ; and 7 other botanical specimens, presented by Mr. Kilvington, Capt. McMichael, Dr. B. H. Coates, and others. Paleontology. Our Cabinet of organic remains has been much enriched by a collection of 88 specimens of bones of different species of Dinornisand Palapteryx obtained in New Zealand by Walter Mantell, Esq., of London, and presented to the Society by Dr. Wilson. Among these relics may be mentioned one of interest, being a complete foot of Dinornis giganteus. Proc. Jan. and Feb., 1850, p. 13. 132 [Dec. Another collection of great interest, presented to the Academy by Dr. Joel Schelly, of Hereford, Berks county, Pennsylvania, consists of 58 fragments of enaliosaurian bones in a matrix of hard conglomerate, probably bolonsjing to the newer red sandstone formation, found in upper Milford, Lehigh co., Penna. We have also received 255 species, over 300 specimens, of fossil shells of dif- ferent formations, of France, from Mr. Ed. Verreaux, of Paris, through Dr. Wilson. Besides the foregoing, a number of other fossils were presented, chiefly by Mr. Joseph Culbertson, of Carlisle, Mr. Ogden, of New Jersey, Mr. Moss, and Dr, Budd. Mineralogy. 137 specimens of minerals have been presented, among which my be particularly mentioned, a fine series of specimens of native gold from California, presented by Dr. Heerman, and some fine specimens of gold ores from Georgia and Virginia, and cinnabar from California, presented by Dr. J. B. McClellan. The others were presented by Mr. Moss, Hough, of Somerville, N. Y., and others. Two fine deposites of minerals consist of a specimen of Fluor Spar weighing 23 lbs., from Jefferson county, N. Y., from Mr. Vaux, and a beautiful specimen of native Silver, of Peru, from Dr. Elwyn. All of which is respectfully submitted by Joseph Leidy. Chairman of Curators. The Society then proceeded suing year, when the following President, Vice Presidents, . Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treasurer, Librarian, Curators, Auditors, Publication Committee. to an election for officers for the en- were chosen^ ' Samuel George Morton, M. D. J Price Wetherill, Robert Bridges, M. D. John Cassin, Samuel Powel, George W. Carpenter, Wm. S. Zantzinger, M. D. Joseph Leidy, M. D. Wm. S. Vaux, Samuel Ashmead. John Cassin, Wm. S. Vaux, Robert Pearsall, Samuel Ashmead, Wm. S. Vaux, S. G. Morton, Thomas B. Wilson, Robert Bridges, Samuel Powel. 1850.] 133 DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In November and December, 1850. November 5tk. Amblyopsis spelaeus, and Astacus pellucidus, from the Mammoth Cave, Ken- tucky. Presented by Prof. G. B. Wood. Fruit of Sorghum ? raised from seed, said to have been taken from the hand of an Egyptian mummy : also fruit of Magnolia tripetala. From Dr. B. H. Coates. Two 6228 of Birds frnm IVr^vo ^t:- -c ht.. /-. /-..- . _^-^....^..o v/j tiic wuuu, uarK, ana leaves of the Sassa tree, from Liberia. From Mr. Wm. Procter, Jr., of Philadelphia. Two specimens of Lithodomus lithophagus, from Florida Reef. Presented by Major Linnard, U. S. Topog. Eng., through Dr. Townsend. December 2Ath. Mounted specimen of Haematopas astragulus, from New Jersey. Presented by Dr. E. J. Lewis. 132 [Dec. Another collection of great interest, presented to the Acadentiy by Dr. Joel Y* Schelly, of Hereford, Berks county, Pennsylvania, consists of 58 fragments of enaliosaurian bones in a matrix of hard conglomerate, probably belonging to the newer red sandstone formation, found in upper Milford, Lehigh co., Penna. We have also received 255 species, over 300 specimens, of fossil shells of dif- ferent formations, of France, from Mr. Ed. Verreaux, of Paris, through Dr. Wilson. Besides the foregoing, a number of other fossils were presented, chiefly by Mr. Joseph Culbertson, of Carlisle, Mr. Ogden, of New Jersey, Mr. Moss, and Dr_ Budd. Mineralogy . 137 specimens of minerals have been presented, among which my be particularly mentioned, a fine series of specimens of native gold from . J 1 r\, II, ,A e.. ^f . -.-[A For descriptions of the accompanying plates, I. and II., see last number of the Proceedin<^s page 103. Auditors, Publication Committee. Samuel Ashmead. John Cassin, Wm. S. Vaux, Robert Pearsall, Samuel Ashmead, Wm. S. Vaux, S. G. Morton, Thomas B. Wilson, Robert Bridges, Samuel Powel. 1850.] 133 DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In November and December, 1850. November 5th. Amblyopsis spelaeus, and Astacus pellucidus, from the Mammoth Cave, Ken- tucky. Presented by Prof. G. B. Wood. Fruit of Sorghum ? raised from seed, said to have been taken from the hand of an Egyptian mummy : also fruit of Magnolia tripetala. From Dr. B. H. Coates. Two eggs of Birds from Nova Scotia. From Mr. C. Gullis. November \2th. Four large fragments of fossil Cetacean Bones, from the Marl, Swedesboro, N. J. Presented by Mr. David Ogden, of Swedesboro. Oidemia fusca, from Cape May. From Dr. E. J. Lewis. Ateles beelzebub, (recent specimen.) From Dr. G. Watson. December 3d. Colymbus glacialis, from Egg Harbor. From Dr. E. J. Lewis. Cinnabar from New Almeden, California : Gold, with Quartz, from Georgia : two specimens of Gold ore from Virginia. Presented by Dr. J. H. B McClellan. " Salmo Otsego, from Otsego Lake, N. Y., and Centrarchus Oswego, from Oswego Lake, N. Y. From T. C. Henry, M. D., of Albany. Mygale ? from Texas. Presented by Dr. CD. Meigs. December IQtk. Mounted specimens of Mus Barbaras, male, female and young, from Algiers ; Mus sylvaticus, % from France, Mustek vulgaris, 9 , and M. foina, very young, from France, Perdix cinerea, L. and P, rubra, Tern., from France; also Carduelig elegans, in skin. Presented by M. Jules Verreaux, of Paris. Sixteen species (27 specimens) of Echinodermata from the Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Mediteranean. From Mr. Edward Wilson, of Pembrokeshire, Wales. Chlorastrolite, from Lake Superior. From Frederick Taylor, Esq., of England. Three hundred and eighty-one species (749 specimens) of Crustacea, from numerous localities, (not previously contained in the collection of the Academy.) Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. Palinurus ? and specimens of the wood, bark, and leaves of the Sassa tree, from Liberia. From Mr. Wm. Procter, Jr., of Philadelphia. Two specimens of Lithodomus lithophagus, from Florida Reef. Presented by Major Linnard, U. S. Topog. Eng., through Dr. Townsend. December 24th. Mounted specimen of Haematopas astragulus, from New Jersey. Presented by Dr. E. J. Lewis. 134 [Dec. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In November and December, 1800. November 5th. Supplementary obseivations on the structure of the Belemnite and Belennno- teuthis. By G. A. Mantell. From the author. On the Pelorosaurus, an undescribed gigantic reptile from the strata of Tilgate Forest, in Sussex, and on a dorsal spine of the Hylaeosaurus, from the same. By G. A. Mantell. From the author. Indicis generum Malacozoorum primordia. Conscripsit A. N. Herrmannsen. No. 11. From Mrs. L. W. Say. Brasilien. Nachtrage, Berichtgungen und Busake zu der Beschreibung meiner Raise im ostlichen Brasilien von Max. Prinz zu Wied. From the author. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition: Faune meridionale, ou description de tous les animaux vertebres qui se ren- contrent toute I'annee, ou qui ne sont que de passage dans la plus grande partie du midi de la France. Par J. Crespon. 2 vols. 8vo. The London Athenaeum for August, 1850. Almanach du Chasseur de Papillons et de tous les Insectes. Procedes Gannal mis a la portee de toute le mond. Embaument applique a la conservation des Oiseaux, quadrupeds, &c. Catalogus Avium et Mammalium qua; habitant in regionibus Europaj positis inter gradum 46" 57.j lat, Septent. et 35 55 long, a Ferro. (C. Tyzenhauz.) Observations sur les Conferves en general et sur plusieurs infusoires. Par M. Paul Laurent. Journal of the Franklin Institute. Vol.20. 3d series. No. 4. Preis verzeichness Auslandischer Konchylien vv^elche einzeln verkauft werden bei dem " Zoologischen Museum der Univer. Heidelberg." No. 4. Sur I'ancienne abondance des baleines, des phoques et des dauphins dans la Meditterranee et dans la Mer Rouge. Observations critiques sur un memoire de M. Alcide D'Orbigny intitule. " Considerations sur la station normale comparative des animaux moUusques bi- valves." Par G. P. Deshayes. Methodes epouvees avec lesquelles on parvient facilement etsans maitre a con- naitre les caracteres propres a chaque famille naturelle indigene. Par F. J. Montandon. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. No. 6, 1850. Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte. No. 3. 1848. Om Faglarnes geographiska utbredning Och Th. Munck af Rosenschold 19 Junii 1830. Directions for collecting and preserving animals ; by the Board of Curators of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. Ovarium Britannicum. By George Graves. 8vo. British Ornithology. By George Graves. 3 vols. 8vo. Ueber die sogenannten Seemause. Von W, G. Tilesius. 4to. Comptes rendus. Tome 31. Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5. 4to. November \.2lh. Geschichtliche Betrachtungen uber die Pferderacen. From Dr. Leidy. Zur Kenntniss der Balanophoren insbesonders der Gattung Rhopalocnemus Juniih. Von Dr. H. R. Goppert. From Dr. Morton. Beitrage zur Anatomie des Elephanten und der Ubrigen Pachydermen. Von Dr. C. Mayer. From the same. Knospenliilder, ein beitrag zur kenntniss der Laubknospen und der Verzweig- ungsart der Pflanzen. Von A. Henry, M. d. Part. 1. Dicotyledonen. From the same. 1850.] ^^-^ Die Knochenresto eines in der Papierkohle des Siebengebirges aufgefundenen Moschusthieres beschrieben von Dr. Goldluss. From the same. November ] 9th. American Journal of Science and Arts. Vol. 10, 2d series. No. 30. Nov. 1850. From the editors. Archaeologia Americana. Transactions and collections of the American Anti- quarian Society. Vol. 3. 8vo. From the Society. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Pniladelphia. Vol. 2. New Series. No. 1. 4to. From the Publication Committee. The following were presented by Dr. Wilson on the usual condition: London Athenaeum for September, 1850. Comptes rendus. Vol.31. Nos. 1 to 10. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie. Nos. 7 and 8. 1850. Zeitschrift fiir Malakozoologie. No. 5. 1850. Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and Canada. By Thomas Nuttall. Land Birds. 2d edition. 1 vol. 8vo. Water Birds. 1st edition. 1 vol. Svo. December 3d, Contributions to Ornithology. By Sir William Jardine. Tart 4, 1850. From H. E. Strickland, Esq. Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. No. 5. From the Society. The South African Quarterly Journal. Nos. 1,2, 3. Svo. From Sir Wm. Jardine. History of the Berwickshire Naturalist's Club. Nos. 1, 3, 4, 6 to 17. Svo. From the same. Bulletin de I'Academie Royale des Sciences, &c., de Belgique. No. 12, 1846. From Mr. Balliere. Notice of the Remains of the Dinornis and other Birds, and of fossils collected by Walter Mantell, Esq., in the middle island of New Zealand. By G. A. Mantell, Esq. From the author. Journal of the Indian Archii>elago and Eastern Asia. Nos. 7 and 8. 1850. From the Editor. Histoire naturelledes Mollusquesterrestres et d'eau douce qui vivent en France. Par I'Abbe D. Dupuy. Pts. 1, 2, 3. 4to. From Edward Wilson, Esq. Consjiectus generum Avium, pp. 3-15 352, and 401 424. From the author. Message of the Governor of Maryland in relation to the boundary lines of the States of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. From Col. J. D. Graham. Observations on the Fishes of Nova Scotia and Labrador, with descriptions of new species. By H. R. Storer. From Mr. C. Girard. Journal des Mines, Vols. 14,15, 16,17, IS, 20 and 21; Annales des Mines, 3me serie. Vols. 1 and 2; 4me serie, Vols. 3, (No. 1) 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, (No. 2.) From the Ecole des Mines. Dr. Wilson presented the following on the usual condition : Voyage en Abyssinie par MM. Ferrett et Galinier. Texte Svo. livs. ]3, 14, 15, 16: planches folio, livs. 13, 14, 15, 16. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3d series. Vol.6. Nos. 33, 34. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists Field Club. Vol. ]. Nos. 3, 4. Appendix to the first edition of the Natural History of Man. By J. C. Prichard, M. D. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom. Decade 3. Svo. Journal of the Franklin Institute. 3d series. Vol.20. No. 5. Zoology of the Voyage of the Samarang. No. 7. Mollusca, No. 3. 4to. Conchologia iconica. By Lovell Reeve. Nos. 87, 88, 89, 90. History of British Mollusca and their Shells. By Prof. Forbes and S. Hanly. No. 32. Phycologia Brittannica. By Wm. Harvey, M. D. Nos. 50, 51. Journal de Conchyliologie. Nos. 2, 3, 1S50. 136 [Dec. Madras Journal of Literature and Science. Nos. 26, 27. Tiie genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By E. Doubleday, continued by J. O, We>t\vood. Parts 35, 36. Catalogue of the Mamnnalia in the Collection of the British Museum, part 1, Cetacea ; of British animiils in do., part 3, Birds, part 4, Crustacea ; of MoUusca in do., part 2, Pteropoda ; of the bivalve Mollusca in do., part 1, Placentadas and Anonriiadae ; nomenclature of Molluscous animals and shells in do., part 1, Cyclophoridae. Figures of Molluscous animals selected from various authors. By Maria Emma Gray. Vols. 2, 3, 4. 8vo. Memoirs of the Wernerian Society. Vol. 8, part 1. 8vo. .Tournal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vol. 11, part, 1. 8vo. Palaeontographical Society Monograph of the Entomostraca of the Cretaceous formation of England, by T. R. Jones, Esq.; Monograph of the Permian fossils of England, by William King ; Monograph of the Fossil Reptilia of the London Clay, part 2, by Prof. Owen ; Monograph of the British Fossil Corals, by H. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime, part 1. Bibliographia Zoologiae. By Prof. L. Agassiz and H. E. Strickland. Vol. 2. 8vo. December IQth. Catalogue of Shells in the collection of John C. Jay, M. D. 4th edition. 4to. From the author. Memoir on the explosiveness of Nitre. By Robert Hare, M. D. From the author. Contributions to the Natural History of the Acalephae of North America. By L. Agassiz. Part 1. 4to. From the author. A voyage round the world in H. M. S. Resolution, Capt. Cook, in 1772 '75. By George Forster. 2 vols. 4to. From Dr. Wilson, on the usual condition. Francisci Hernandi Opera. De Historia Plantarum Novae Hispaniae. 3 vols. 4to. From the same. Zoological Researches. By J. V. Thomson. No. 4. From the same. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vols. 1, 3, 4. Svo. From Mr. Ball, of Dublin. Address to the Geological Society of Dublin, Feb. 2, 1850. By T. Oldham. From the same. Notice of the Remains of the Dinornis and other Birds, and of Fossils, &c., re- cently collected by Walter Mantell, Esq., in New Zealand. By G. H. Mantell, Esq. From the author. Essai sur I'histoire naturelle. Par C. G. Chesnon. Svo. From M. des Murs, of Paris. Histoire des progres de I'esprit humaine dans les sciences et dans les arts qui en dependant. Par M. Saverien. Svo. From the same. Traite economique et physique des Oiseaux de Basse-Cour. Svo. From the same. Zasaday Ornitologii albo Nauki O Ptakach. Przez H. K. Tyzenhauza. Svo. From the same. Tableau methodique des Oiseaux dans le departement de la Vienna. Par M. Manduyt. From the same, Bulletin de la Societe d'histoire naturelle du departement de la Moselle. Nos. 15. Svo. From M. Malherbe, of Metz. Seance publique de I'Academie Nationale de Metz du 19 Mai 1850. Discours de M. A. Malherbe, President. From the same. Nouvelle classification des Picinees ou Pics. Par M. Malherbe. From the same. Remarks on the paucity of Libraries freely open to the public in the British Empire. By Edward Edwards, Esq. 2d edition. From the author. A statistical view of the principal public libraries of Europe and America. By E. Edwards. .3d edition. From the author. 1850.] ' 137 Analyse iles travaux de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux pendant les annees 1832-'33. Par M. J. L. Laporte. Fronii M. Verreaux, of Paris. A guide to an arrangement of British Birds. By the Rev. F. O.Morris. From the author. Royal Institution of Great Britain, List of Members, Officers, &c., for 1849. From the Institution. An outline of the smaller British Birds for the use of Ladies and young persons. By Robert A. Slaney. 2d edition. 12mo. FromT. C. Eyton, Esq., of London. The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, of Pembrokeshire, Wales. The export coal trade of Liverpool. By William Laird. 8vo. Delia bibliografia Malacologica Italiana. Dissert, inaug. de Geo. Baptista Bonola di Milano. Eloge du Baron Cuvier. Par M. E. Pariset. The Liverpool Docks ; and Fire and Lights on board the Ships in the same. By Dr. Mackay. Two short letters on the subject of an open Museum in the Scottish Capital. By Adam White. Observations de M. Noel sur le Memoire de M. Raepsaet. Memoire sur differens sujets relatifs aux Sciences et aux Arts. Par M. de Puymaiirin. On the manufacture of Iron. Appareils pour I'inhalation de la vapeur d'ether. Dissertation sur I'existence des Dragons. Par M. Dorfeuille. Eloge de M. Draparnaud. Par J. P. Th. Baumes. Note des publications faites par M. G. P. Deshayes. Histoire des Insectes nuisibles a I'homme, aux bestiaux, &c..3me ed. Par M. Bnchoz. 12mQ. De Grammari Pulicis Fab. historia naturali atque sanguinis circuitu commen- tatio. Auctore J. C. Zenker. Macrobiotus Hufelandii : animal e Crustaceorum classe novum, descriptus a C. A. S. Schultze. The Insect World or a brief outline of the classification, structure, and econo- my of Insects. 12mo. Memoire pour servir a commencer I'histoire des Araignees aquatiques. 12mo. Traite de Mouches a Miel. 12mo. Des Vers a sole et de leur education selon la pratique des Cevennes. Par M. Reynaud. 12mo. Abrege de I'histoire des Insectes. 2 vols. 12mo. Neustes Magazin fiir die Liebhaber der Entomologie von D.H. Schneider. 2 vols. 12mo. Kritische revision der Insektenfauna Deutschlands nach dem System bearbitet von Dr. G. W. F. Panzer. 2 vols. 12mo. Index Entomoiogicus sistens omnes Insectorum species in G.W.Panzeri Fauna Insectorum Germanise. 12mo. Nic. Joseph Brahm Handbuch der okonomischen Insectengeschichte in form- eines Kalenders bearbeitet. 2 vols, in one. 12mo. Faune de la Moselle, ou Manuel de Zoologie. Par C. H. L. Fournel. 2e partie tome Ime. 12mo. Histoire naturelle des Papiilons. 8vo. Description du Pou vu au Microscope. Par P. Karjavine. Die Kennzeichen der Insekten. Von J. H. Sulzer. 4to. Naturgeschichte der schadlichen Waldinsecten mil abbildungen von J. M. Bechstein. 12mo. Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. AiictorOsw-aldo Heer. Parts 1,2,3. 16mo. Monographia Mylabridum. Auctore G. J. Bilberg. 8vo. Journal fur die Liebhaber der Entomologie von L. G. Scriba. 8vo. Metamorphosis et historia naturalis Insectorum. Auctore Joanne Goedartio. 12mo. 138 [Dec. Dissertatio sur I'utilite de la soye des Araignees. Par Mr. Bon. 8vo. L'art d'elever des Vers a sole. Par M. L. D. Pillot. 12mo. Jacobi Vanierii Apes. 12mo. Apus piscilbrmis. Insecti aquatici species noviter detecta, brevibusque descripta a J. C. Schaeffers. Ed. 2d. Ueber den unmittelbaren Nutzen der Insekten. Von dem Kcenig. Gericht- sainttnann Keferstein in Erfurt. Nova Dipterorum genera. Auctore Dr. C. R. G. Wiedemann. Die Sudafrikanischen Crustaceen. Von Dr. Ferdinand Kreuss. Memoire Apterologique. Par Jean Fred. Hermann, M. D. Folio. Memoires sur divers sujets de I'histoire naturelle des Insectes. Par M. La- treille. 8vo. Memoria del Dott. Carlo Passerini sopra due specie d'Insetti nocivi, &c. Observations entomologiques traduites et extraites d'un ouvrage inedit de M. le Dr. J. N. Vallott. Sur la decouverte du rapport constant entre I'apparition ou la disparition travail, ou le non travail, le plus ou le moins d'attendue des toiles ou des files d'attache des Araignees des diff. especes. Par M. Quatremere Disjoinval. Traite complet de I'insecte Kermes. Par M. de Truchet, d'Arles. 2d ed. Essai sur I'Entomologie du Department du Puy-de-Douie. Monographic des Carabiques. Par M. Baudet Lafarge. La Flore des Insectophiles. Par Jacques Brez. 8vo. De Coleopteris novis ac rariobus minusve cognitis Provinciae Novocomi. Auc- tore Antonio ComoUi. Memoire pour servir a. I'histoire de quelques Insectes connus sous les noms de Termes, ou Fourmis blanches. Par M. H. Smeathman. Redige en Francois par M. Rigaud. Meletemata Entomologica, Auctore Dr. F. A. Kolenati. 2 fascic. Svo. Traite complet sur les Abeiiles. Par M. I'Abbe Delia Rocca. 3 vols. Svo. The English Lepidopt.era, or the Aurelian's Pocket Companion. By Moses Harris. Svo. Novae species Insectorum. Auctore J. R. Fostero. Svo. Caroli lib. Bar. de Geer genera et species Insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, &c. A. J. Retzius. Svo. Gustavi PaykuU Fauna Suecica. Insecta. 3 vols in one. Svo. Abbildungen zu Karl Illiger's Uebersetzung von Olivier's Entomologie. Von J. Sturm. 2 vols. 4to. Histoire des Monocles qui se trouvent aux environs de Geneve. Par Louis Jurine. ^^Ito. Horae Entomoloijicre. Auctore Toussaint de Charpentier. 4to. Memoire sur I'education des Abeiiles. Par Marie-Therese Beaujeu, veuve Barras. Traite de I'education des Abeiiles et de leur conservation. Par P. C. G. Beville. Lepidoptera Pedemontana illustrata a Leonardo de Prunner. Svo. De I'Araneologie. Par Quatremere Disjoinval. Memoire sur les Abeiiles. Par M. I'Abbe Bienayme. Etudes pour servir a I'histoire des Myriapodes. Par Paul Gervais. Entomologia von Illiger. Par M. Olivier. 4to. Fauna Insectorum Germaniae. Auctore G. W. F. Panzer. 36 vols. 12mo. and one case. Ac AUA i*j :sc; 1851.] 139 January *ith^ 1851. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from the Minister of Public Works of France, dated Paris, Sept. 4, 1851, accompanying; No. 3, 4th series, of the Annales des Mines. Also a letter from Mr. George R. Giiddon, dated Philadelphia, Jan. 3, 1851, requesting the loan, for a short time, of the Egyptian Mummy deposited in the Museum of the Academy by Mr. J. L. Hodge. Re- ferred to the Curators. Dr. Woodhouse read a communication intended for publication, entitled ''Description of the N. American Jackall, Canis frustror.^' Referred to a Committee consisting of Dr. J. C. Fisher, Dr. Townsend, and Dr. Leidy. Dr. Leidy read a communication from Mr. Richard C. Taylor, in- tended for publication in the Journal, entitled " Substance of Notes made during a Geological reconnoisance in the Auriferous Porphyry region next the Caribbean Sea, in the Province of Veraguas and Isth- mus of Panama ;" which was referred to the following Committee, viz : Dr. Elwyn, Dr. Morton, and Mr. Ashmead. The Secretary read an extract from a letter addressed to Dr. Morton by Dr. John Evans, dated St. Louis, Dec. 19, 1850, in relation to an intended Expedition to Missouri and Oregon. The Chairman called attention to the enormous development in the size of the specimen of the common domestic cat presented by him this evening, as the result of emasculation. The following are the dimensions, weight, &c. : Length from tip to tip 3 feet; circumference at middle 19^ inches; weight 42 pounds; color black mixed with white. The following Resolution, offered by Dr. Fisher, was adopted : Resolved, That the President, Vice President, Secretaries and Librarian, be a Committee to address the Commissioner of the Land Office at Washington, and solicit an appropriation sufficient to carry out the views of Dr. John Evans of Miseouri, as expressed in his letter read this evening:. o" January 141.J 145 New Jersey JNIeteorolite, and enclosinj^ in return a portion of the Cabarras Meteorolite ; and also stating his intention to make further donations of other meteorolites at an early period. From an examina- tion of the specimen sent him, he had thus far obtained the following results. Sp. gr. 3.25: it also abounds with nickeliferous iron, together with magnetic iron pyrites, while the greyish-white earthy matter ap- pears to be Hovvardite. (Fe Si + Mg Si.) A letter was read from the Scandinavian Scientific Association (without date,) accompanying the donation of a copy of its Proceed- ings during th>i last meeting at Copenhagen. A letter was read from H. B. Dewey, Fsq, dated Para, Brazil, Dec. 28, 1850, tendering hi^s thanks for his election as a Corresponding member of the Academy, and expressing his desire to still further promote the objects of the Institution. A communication addressed by Peter A. Browne, Fsq , to Dr. Mor- ton was read, briefly enumerating the discoveries he had made by means of the microscope, micrometer, and trichometer,* in regard to pile, by which term he meant to include both hair and wool, as fol- lows : 1st. I have found the hair of the head of man of three principal shapes, viz. : 1. The cylindrical ; 2. The oval ; and 3. The eccentrically elliptical. Of the 1st 1 have noticed the ancient hairs from Peru, Mexico, Brazil, &c., those of our present Indians and the Chinese. Of the second, the hairs of the English, French, Hungarians, Germans and Americans, &c.. &c. And of the third the wool of the Bushman and African negro. 2d. The pile of the 1st and 2d class comes out of the epidermis at an acute angle, that of the third at a right angle. 3rd. The pile of the 1st class is straight and lank, that of the 2d is flowing or curling, and th it of the 3rd is crisp or frizzled, and sometimes spirally curled. 4th. The pile of the 2d class has its coloring matter in a central canal, but I have never been able to detect any central canal in either of the other classes ; their coloring matter appears to me to be disseminated in the cortex and inter- mediate fibres. 'ith. The cortex of the pile of all three classes is squamose ; but the scales on the 1st and 2d classes are less numerous, are rounded at the anterior extremity, and adhere closely to the shaft ; but those of the 3rd class are more numerous, pointed, and not so closely set to the shaft. Cth. That there are two distinct species of sheep, as determined by their pile, viz. the hairy sheep, and the woolly sheep. The pile of the hairy sheep will not felt nor full ; the wool of the woolly sheep will do both. 7th. Upon the heads of hybrids formed by the crossing of any two of the spe- cies of man above mentioned, are found separate filaments belonging to their two classes respectively ; and upon the head of a double hybrid, | which I examined, I found filaments belonging respectively to all three classes. An instrument invented by Mr. Brown for determining the ductility, elasticity, and tenacity of filaments, t One who had the blood of all three classes. 14.6 [Fkb. 9th. All hair is not polaric. 10th. 'I'here are various degrees of the felting property in wool, which may be detern:iined by the aid of the microscope, as they depend upon the number, shape and adherence of the scales. 11th. The softness of any woolly fabric, is in exact proportion to the ductiliit/ and elasticity of the filaments of which it is composed ; and the ductility and elasticity of the fibre can be accurately determined by the trichometer. 12th. The method in common use of determining the diameter of any filament that is not cylindrical is inaccurate, for every filament that is not cylindrical has two diameters, which cannot be accurately determined, except by using transverse sections. 13th, That in all cases of doubt or difliculty, whether a filament is or is not a true hair, it can be determined with the trichometer. 1 1th. The button of the pile of the head of man changes its shape and color in diseases of the hair, and in diseases of the skin that affect the hair. 15th. The buttons of the pile of the head of lunatics differ from those of the sane. 16th. There is no difference between the wool found upon the head of a pure negro, and that found upon the back of a woolly sheep, except in the degree of the felting power possessed by them. Dr. Morton in remarking upon the cranium of the Dijak deposited by him this evening, referred to the great difficulty in obtaining these crania, and stated that Mr. Wra. Gliddon, from whom he had derived the present specimen, had been unable, during many years residence in Borneo, to induce the natives to part with any of their trophy skulls upon any consideration. This had been carried off by a Dutch officer on a warlike expedition. Dr. Morton announced the decease of Mr. John J. Audubon, a member of this Society; and after some appropriate observations upon the life and chE?racter of this distinguished zoologist, moved the following Resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : Resolved, That this Society has heard with profound regret of the death of their esteemed and venerable colleague, John James Audubon, at his residence near the city of New York, on the 27th ultimo. Resolved, That by the demise of this truly great man, Science has lost one of her most zealous and gifted disciples, and the Arts, a master in the branch which he cultivated. Resolved. That we recognise in Mr. Audubon a man who has happily lived to fulfil his destiny as an explorer of the great field of American Zoology, while the splendid volumes which are the fruit of his labors, will diffuse the knowledge and the love of science to the latest genera- tions. Resolved, That a copy of these Resolutions, signed by the officers, together with the sympathy of the members of this Society, be respect- fully tendered to the family of Mr. Audubon. On leave granted, the Committee, to whom was referred the paper 1851.] 147 of Dr. Woodhouse, read January 7th, 1851, describing a new species of Jackal, presented a report, recommending the same for publica- tion in the Proceedings and Journal, with some additional remarks on the subject by the Chairman, Dr. J. C. Fisher, which was adopted. The North American Jackal Canis Frusteor. By S. W. Woodhouse, M. D. Char. Esseiit. Hair cinereous grey, varied with black above. Longer on the vertebral line, legs fulvous. Dimensions. Total length from the tip of the nose including the tail, with the exception of the hair at the tip, two feet seven inches; trunk of the tail eight and three-tenths inches; total length of ears four and three-tenths inches; length of fore leg nine inches ; from the anterior canthus of the eye to the tip of the nose two and seven-tenths inches ; from anterior angle of ear to posterior canthus of the eye two and four-tenths inches ; between the anterior angles of the ears two and live-tenths inches. Description. Hair at base fulvous and woolly, middle of its length white and tipped with black; ears erect, pointed at tip, cinnamon color behind and at the base; inside dirty white, sides paler than the back, belly brownish white, breast brown, chin white, legs cinnamon color; the nose from the eyes to the tip cinnamon color. Cheeks grey; space between the ears reddish brown; tail fulvous below, dark grey above, black at tip, slightly bushy; iris light brown, lips white tipped with black ; it has three series of setas on the upper lip, above the eyes, and on the sides of the cheeks. The most remarkable difference exists in the skull of this animal, which more closely resembles the Jackal of the Old World than any known species of wolf. But as Dr. Morton is now engased on a memoir in which the cranial characteristics of the American wolves will be compared with those of the Canis lupus of Europe, I leave this part of the subject in his hands. Hahil$. T\\\% animal I first saw at Fort Gibson, on the Neosho river. They frequent this place at night in numbers, making their way to a ditch where the offals of the garrison are thrown. Their baik is sharp like that of a terrier, fol- lowed in quick succession, then a prolonged cry much like that of the hound. Four or five of them make as much noise as twice their number of terrier dogs, so that a stranger on hearing them is apt to be deceived as to their number. I have seen them on all parts of the prairie, but they appear to be more abundant near the settlements. They prowled frequently about our camp at night, keeping up an incessant barking. I procured a male and female; these I regret to say have not lost their milk teeth, but they have attained their full growth, as I have seen numbers of them. On showing them to Dr. Townsend, he recognised them immediately, and said that he had seen them frequently on the plains of the Missouri, but never beyond the mountains. This animal has hitherto been confounded with the Canis latrans of Say. Observations by the Commiliee. The Committee are much gratified with this paper, as it assists in throwing 20 148 ' [Feb. light upon a point in the Natural History of the wolves of North America, which has heretofoie been involved in obscurity. Before the description of the Lupus Gigas of North America, by Dr. Townsend, all the varieties of wolves in this country were referred by naturalists to two species, the Lupus occidentalis or common wolf, and the Lupus latrans, or prairie wolf. Sir John Richardson was the first who un- equivocally described the wolves of North America, as distinct from the European or Pyrenean wolf. The great majority of naturalists who have noticed the wolves of this continent, ineluding Grey, Agassiz, De Kay, &c., agree with him in con- sidering them as entirely distinct species from the wolves of the Eastern Conti- nent.* With the exception of the " large brown wolf," of Lewis and Clarke, they all refer the American wolves of every variety to the two species named Lupus occidentalis, and Lupus latrans. It was scarcely possible to reconcile the various descriptions of the diH'erent wolves classed under the last of these. Lupus latrans, as belonging to the same animal. The Lupus latrans of Say, found on the Lpper Missouri and the Saskechawan,is classed by Richardsonf with the Californian Ochropus, and the Mexican nigrirostis, (known also as the Coyote.) He has given a figure of the Lupus latrans, which agrees exactly with a specimen in the possession of the Aca(^en)y. The figure given by Audubon in his Quadrupeds of North America, Plate 71st, does 7iot agree with Richardson's, or with the specimen above referred to, but does agree very closely with the Canis frustror, in color, shape, &c. It is an excel- lent drawing of the last mentioned animal. The Coyote of Mexico and Califor- nia, has been, we believe, uniformly referred by naturalists to the Lupus latrans, and the drawing of Audubon appears to have been made from it, considered as an undoubted Prairie wolf. The figure of the Hare Indian dog of Richardsouj the Canis familiaris lagopus, bears a very striking resemblance to the Lupus latrans of Audubon, and the Canis frustror of Woodhouse. We are inclined from the figure, measurements and description of the voice, to consider this dog as the analogue among our domestic animals of the Canis frustror or Coyote, if it be not the same animal merely domesticated. From the Canis frustror hunt- ing so uniformly in packs of considerable numbers, as well as its size, it is more nearly allied to the Jackal than the wolf. It is decidedly gregarious in its habits. We hope that the Academy will soon possess good specimens of all the wolves of this continent, so that a more strict comparison may be made, and this ques- tion of species be definitely settled. At present we may consider the following species as clearly established, viz: Lupus gigas. Lupus occidentalis, Lupus latrans, and Canis frustror. On leave granted Mr. Vaux, as Treasurer of the Publication Com- mittee, presented the Annual Report, which was adopted. February llth. Dr, Morton, President, in the Chair. A letter was read from Dr. N. S. Jarvis, addressed to Dr. Morton, dated Fort Brown, Texas, Jan. 10, 1851, in answer to some enquiries by * Report of the British Association for 1836. f Fauna Boreali Americana. 1851.] 14,9 Dr. Morton on the subject of the Lobos, Coyote, and Indian dogs. This letter was received by Dr. Morton on the 5th inst., and enclosed another in the French lano-uasce from Dr. Louis Berlandier to Dr. Jar- vis, dated Matamoras, Jan. .oth, 1851, with accompanying descriptions of several species of Canis indigenous to Mexico. Dr. Berlandier's, knowledge and means of information on this subject had been very extensive, and his descriptions were well worthy the notice of the Society. His letter and descriptions were on motion referred to the Committee who had had charge of Dr. Woodhouse's paper, viz., Dr. J. C. Fisher, Dr. Leidy, and Dr. iMorton. Mr. Cassin stated on behalf of the committee having in charge Dr. T. C, Henry's paper describing a new species of Fish from Oswego Lake, N. Y., that a more extended communication had been received from the author by the Committee. Mr. Cassin read a paper intended for publication in the Proceedings entitled, '' Sketch of the Birds composing the genera Vireo Vieill. and Vireosylvia, Bonap." &c. Referred to Dr. Wilson, Dr. Bridges, and Mr. E. Harris. February 18th. Vice President Bridges in the Chair. Mr. Cassin read a paper describing new species of the genera Bucco and Galbula, Briss. Referred to the committee on the paper by Mr. Cassin read at last meeting. A letter was read from the Secretary of the Asiatic Society of Ben- gal, dated Aug 5, 1850, acknowledging the receipt of Part 3, Vol. 1, New Series of the Journal. February 25tk. Dr. Morton, President, in the Chair. The Committee on Mr. Cassin's papers, read 11th and 18th insts., reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Sketch of the Birds composing the genera Vireo, Vieillot, and Vireosylvia, Bo- naparte, with a List of the previously known and descriptions of three new species. By John Cassin. I. Genus Vireo, Vieillot. Hist. Nat. des Ois. de I'Am. Sept. i, p. 83. (Folio, Paris, 1807.) 1. Vireo flavifro7is, Vieill. Ois. d'Am. Sept. i, p. 85, pi. 54. Aud. B. of Am. pi. 119. Musicicapa sylvicola, Wilson. Am. Orn. i, p. 217, pi. 7, fig. 3. Hab. Eastern side of North America. 055. The name given by Wilson, as above, of this handsome species, 150 [Feb. appears to have been taken fronn Bartram's Travels, p. 290, though not being; ex- pressly so stated by him, it may have been applied by Bartram to another bird. 2. Vireo solitaries, (Wiis.) And B. of Am. pi. 28. Muscicapa solitaria, Wilson. Am. Orn. ii., p. 143, pi. 17, flg. 3. Hab. The whole of North America. 3. Vireo noveboracensis, (Gm.) And. B. of Am., pi. 63. Muscicapa noveboracencis, Gmelin. Syst. Nat. ii., p. 947, (1788.)' Vireo musicus, Vieill. Ois. d'Am. Sept. i, p. 83, pi. 5?. " Muscicapa cantatrix, Bartram." Wilson Am. Orn. ii., p ]06, pi. IS, fig. 6. Hab. The whole of North America. Ohs. It appears upon the authority of Wilson that this is the Muscicapa canta- trix, Bartram That name, even if it had priority, is not entitled to adoption, not being accompanied by any description w-hatever. The name alluded to is given with many others, in " Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida," &c., by William Bartram, Philadelphia, 1791, (octavo, 1 vol.,) p, 291. According to my views the authority for M. cantatrix should be Wilson, he having first defined the species, though very probably upon the desig- nation of the celebrated Bartram himself. I do not mean to say, however, that none of the names of the latter ought to be adopted, for there a few of the species named by him, to which are attached sufficient descriptions, and which 1 hope to designate in an early paper. 4. Vireo Bella. And. B. of Am. Octavo edition, vii, p. 333, pi. 485, (1844.) Dimensions. 5 Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 4 6-lOths inches, wing 2 3 lOtlis, tail 2 inches. Colors. 5 Under mandible, viewed from below, yellowish white, superior mandible light brown. Shafts of the quills on the inferior surface of the wing, white. Entire plumage above light olive tinged with greyish brown on the head, wings and tail brown, the feathers of both of which are edged externally with pale yellowish green, quills with their inner webs narrowly edged with yellowish white. Greater and lesser wing coverts conspicuously tinged with the same color. Plumage of the entire under parts of the body pale yellowish white, run- ning into pure yellow on the sides and inferior tail coverts. Nares and ring around the eye yellowish white. Tarsi and feet dark. 9 . Slightly smaller, colors paler, head inclining to cinereous, under parts nearly white. Hab. Western side of North America. Obs. The smallest of the birds of this genus. It was discovered by Mr. Audubon on the Upper Missouri river, during the last expedition accomplished by him, and has since been found in California by Mr. John G. Bell, after whom it is named. The descriptions above are from the specimens of the latter gentle- man and from the originals of Mr. A udubon, which were presented to the Academy by his friend and associate Mr. Edward Harris. 5. Vireo Hiitto7ti, nobis. Form. Robust and rather broad, generally similar to that of V. novebora- censis. 1851.] 151 Dimensions. J Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 4 9-lOths inches, wing 2 4-lOths, tail 2 inches. Colors. 5 . Undpr nnandible viewed from below, dark horn color, superior mandible nearly black. Shafts of quills on the inferior surface of the wing dark brown. Entire plumage above light olive green, inclining to yellowish on the rump and upper tail coverts. Greater and lesser wing coverts broadly tipped with white, appearing to form two conspicuous bars on the wing; quills brown externally, narrowly edged with yellowish green, and internally edged with white, conspicuous when viewed from below. Plumage of the entire under parts greenish cream color, (very delicate and peculiar,) inclining to yellowish on the flanks. Nares and ring around the eyes yellowish white. Tarsi and feet dark. "Iris dark hazel, feet blue." 9 Slightly smaller, very similar in color to the male. iTai. Monterey, California, (Mr. W. Hutton.) Georgetown, California, (Mr. J.G.Bell.) Obs. This species of Vireo may be recognized without difficulty by the very delicate cream color of the entire under surface of its body, which color I have never seen in any other bird. In other respects it somewhat resembles Vireo Bellii, though it appears to be a stouter and more robust bird ; the only specimen in the collection of the Academy is that of Mr. Bell ; there are two others in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, to which they were presented with many other birds, by Mr. William Hutton, a zealous and talented young naturalist now resident at San Diego, in California, in honor of whom I hav^e taken the liberty of naming it. Mr. Bell's remarks on this species are as follows: "I shot this bird at George- town, October 15th, 1849. My attention was attracted to it by its song, which somewhat resembled that of the warbling Vireo, (F. gilvus,) though the differ- ence could easily be detected. It was in a very high pine tree, and the only specimen that I ever saw or heard. The country was hilly, and covered with a few oaks. This bird was a male." II. Ge^iM? ViREosYLviA, Bonaparte. Geog. and Comp. List of the Birds of Europe and N. America, pi. 26, (1838.) 1. Vireosylvia olivacea, (Linn.) Aud. B. of Am., pi. 150. Muscicapa olivacea. Linn, Syst. Nat. i., p. 327. ilai. Eastern side of North America. Western? 2. Vireosylvia viresce7is, (Vieill.) Wilson Am. Orn.ii., pi. 12, fig. 3. ? Aud. B. of Am., pi. 434, fig. 4. Vireo virescens. Vieillot, Ois. d'Am. Sept. i., p. 84, pi. 53. Lanius agilis, Lichtenstein. Verzeichness, p. 49 ? Spix. Av. Bras, ii., p, a.'j. pi. 34, fig. 1 ? Vireo Sartratni, Swainsoti. Fau. Bor. Am. li, p. 235. Hab. North and South America. Obs. This species is very similar to the preceding in color, but is smaller, its wings are shorter and its plumage is of more vivid green. The under parts of the body are tinged with yellow, especially the inferior tail coverts, much more than in V.olivaceus. It appears to be a common bird in South America, and I have seen specimens said to be from Trinidad. The best descriptions extant of this 152 [Feb. species are those of Swainson, as cited, and of Audubon in Ornith. Biog. v., p. 296. I am not without suspicion that tliis is the bird figured by Wilson, as above. 3. Vlreosylvla altiloqun, (Vieill.) Vieill, Ois. d'Am. Sept. i., pi. 33. Muscicapa altiloqua. Vieillot, Ois. d'Am. Sept. i., p. 67. Vireo longirostris, Swainson. Fauna Bor. Am. ii., p. 237. " Vireosylvia olivacea, (Linn.) " Gosse, B. of Jamaica, p. 194 ? " Turdus hispaniolensis. Gm." Lath. Gen. Hist. v. p. 1-49. Pliyllomanes mystacalis. Cabanis, Erichson Archiv, 1S37, p. 348? Hah. Florida, West Indies, and South America. Ohs. A species also considerably resembling r. olivacea, hut larger and with the bill distinctly longer. It is easily distinguished by the narrow black lines running downwards from the corners of the lower mandible. This is the largest of all the species yet discovered, and was first obtained within the present limits of the United States, by Dr. A. L. Heermann, in Florida. It is probably the bird alluded to by Mr. Gosse, in his delightful volume on the Birds of Jamaica, though I can only judge by the measurements given by him which are too large for V. olivaceus. Mr. Gosse appears though to have had access to the plate of Audubon and possibly that of Wilson. He gives no detailed de- scription. Nuttall, in Manuel i., p. 360, (1840,) says "the V. olivaceus has never yet been found in those islands," (the West Indies,) but it does not appear to me to be impossible at all that it may be, as Audubon met with it in Florida and Loui- siana. (^Orn. Biog. II., p. 288.) 4. Vireosylvia Jlavoviridis, nobis. Buff. PI. Enl. 558, fig 2 ? Form. Generally resembling that of V. altiloqua, but is rather smaller, the wings and legs are shorter, and the latter much less robust, the bill is also slightly more slender. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 5h inches, wing 3 and 2-lOths, tail 2 and 2-lOth inches. Colors. Head above pale cinereous, superciliary stripes pale ashy-white, not so distinctly defined as in V. altiloqiia. Entire plumage of the body above fine yellowish olive, wings and tail brown with their feathers widely margined externally with the same yellowish olive and internally with yellowish white. Sides of the neck and of the body beneath, inferior wing and inferior tail coverts fine greenish yellow, middle of the body beneath from the base of the bill to the abdomen pure white. Upper mandible lead color, lower white. No black lines from the base of the lower mandible, and general color of the body above much more vivid than in V. altiloqua. Trides red. $ Rather smaller and colors paler. Kab. Panama, where it was obtained by Mr. John G. Bell, and San Juan de Nicaragua, from whence it was sent to this Academy by Mr. A. de Barruel. Ohs. This is a very handsome species, much more brightly colored, and with- out the black lines on the front of the neck which characterize the V. altiloqua. Four specimens are in the collection of the Academy. Mr. Bell represents this bird as having been rather common near Panama in May, 1849, and that in habits and song it much resembled the red-eye, (F. olivaKea.'^ 1851.J 153 5. Vierosylvia gilv a, {Vieill.) Wilson Am. Orn. v, pi. 42, fig. 2. Aud. B. of Am., pi. 118. Muscicapa g;ilva. VieiUot. Ois. d'Am. Sept. i, p. 65, pi. 34. Muscicapa melodia. Wilson Am. Orn. v. p. 35. Hab. The whole of North America. 6. Vireosylvia philadelphica, nobis. Form. Generally somewhat resembling that of V. gUva, but is smaller, with the bill much shorter, and the form generally shorter and stouter. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail 4| inches, wing 2 and 6-lOths, tail 2 inches. Cotois. Line over the eye pale greenish white, very distinct. Entire upper parts olive green, inclining to ash on the head, quills and tail feathers brown, narrowly edged with green. Under parts pale yellowish white, shading into greenish upon the sides. Nares dark, bill horn color. Hab. Near Philadelphia. Obs. This small species resembles V. gilva more than it does any other species, but is smaller and can at once be distinguished by its much shorter and weak bill. Its colors are more vivid and the superciliary line more distinct. I shot the bird now described in Bingham's woods near Philadelphia in Septem- ber, 1842, but have never seen another specimen. It was in the upper branches of a tree of considerable heighth, engaged in capturing insects, and attracted my attention by its slow and apparently deliberate movements. III. Notice of species which I have not seen, and general observations. 1. Vireo versicolor. Hartlaub. Revue Zoologique, 1843, p. 289. Orig. descrip. " Supra olivaceo-viridis, pileo toto nuchaque nigricante-plum- beis ; plumulis ciliaribus dilute flavis, tectriclbus alae majoribus rufis; remigibus primariis angustissime, secundariis latins rufo marginatis, tertiariis pogonio ex- terno pallide fulvis; flexura alas flavo et olivaceo variegata ; subtus flavus, gula collo antico pectoreque fasciolis multis interruptis et irregularibus olivaceis transversim variegatis ; cauda nigricante, rostro obscure plumbeo; mandibulae tomiis apiceque albidis, pedibus nigris. Long. 4i. La plus petite espece du genre." Above olive green, with the head above and nape blackish lead color, ciliary feathers pale yellow, greater wing coverts rufous, primaries very narrowly, secondaries more broadly margined with rufous, tertiaries with their external webs pale fulvous, flexure of the wing variegated with yellow and olive; beneath yellow, throat, neck before and breast with many interrupted and irregular trans- verse little lines of olive, tail blackish, bill obscure lead color, edges of the man- dibles and apex white, feet black. Length about 5 inches, (4f inches French.) The smallest species of the genus. Obs. This bird must be quite different in general appearance from any other of either of the genera Vireo or Vireosylvia. Its rufous wing coverts and broad margins of the secondaries also rufous are quite peculiar. M. Hartlaub is mistaken about this being the smallest of the genus. There are at least three species which are smaller. 154. ' [Feb. 2. Vireo Vigorsii, (Aud.) Richardson, Report on N. A. Zoology to Brit. Assoc. for the Adv. of Science, (in Sixth Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1837, p. 172.) Sylvia Vigorsii. Aud. Orn. Biog. 1 p. 103, pi. 30. Ohs. Audubon's figure has a Vireo-like look, and ought to be remembered. In his Synopsis, p. 55, he places this name as a synonyme for Sylvicola pinus, (Lath.) 3. Vireosylva is the orthography of M. Bonaparte in Geog. and Comp. List, p. 26, but in Conspectus Avium, p. 329, he makes it Vireosylvia, the former being apparently a typographical error. It is a very natural and easily defined genus, and was first pointed out by this deservedly celebrated naturalist in the edition of the work cited which was published in 1838. In Erichson's Archiv^ >ty'X,-^^-k^ x'i'- P- 321, (1847,) Mr. Cabani^necessarily proposes the name Phyllomanes as a substitute. Descriptions of 7iew species of birds of the genera Galbida and Bueco, Briss., specimens of which are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Scie?ices of PIi iladelphia . By John Cassin. 1. Galbida cyanicollis, nobis. Form. Not essentially different from that of other short-tailed species. Rather stout, space from the bill around the eye bare and conspicuous, middle tail feathers but slightly longest. Dimensions, Total length of skin from top of bill to end of tail 7^ inches, wing 3 and 1-lOth, tail 3 inches. Colours. Head above blue with golden olive reflections, the same color, blue, extends from the base of the bill upon the neck beneath the bare space around the eye, bordering (upon the neck only) the deep reddish brown of the entire under surface of the body. Entire plumage above and two middle tail feathers golden-green, very brilliant, and inclining to red in some lights. Outer tail feathers reddish brown, slightly edged externally with golden-green, quills black, primaries narrowly and secondaries broadly edged on their inner webs with brown, rather paler than that of the body beneath. A trace of a green collar on the neck in front. Tip of upper mandible black, basal portion of upper, whole of under mandible (space around the eye and feet ?) yellow. Hab. Para, Brazil. Obs. This species is related to G. chalcocephala, Deville, and G. albirostris. Lath. I am acquainted with no other species in which the head and neck are blue as above described. Several specimens are in the collection, all of which are from Para. 2. Bncco Ordii, nobis. Form. Generally short and robust, feathers of the head but little elongated, wings and tail short. A strict congener of B. macrorhynchus and pectoralis. Dimensions. Total length of skin from tip of bill to end of tail ll inches, wing 3 and 3-lOths, tail 2 and 8-lOth inches. Colors. Tail with a central transverse white bar. Breast with a narrow band of black, immediately succeeded by another much wider of dark chesnut-brown. 1851.] 155 throat and abdomen white, which is the color also of the frontal feathers of the internal webs of the primaries at their bases, and of a narrow collar on the back of the neck. Entire superior surface of the head, body, wings, and tail black, with a greenish gloss. Tail with a band of white most observable on the inner webs of the feathers, and narrowly edged with white at its end. Flanks striped with the same dark brown as the broader belt of the breast. Hab. Venezuela. Obs. A bird resembling generally the several species of which Bucco macro- rhynchus, Gm. is a representative, but immediately recognizable by the white bar in its tail and its smaller size. I have seen only the specimen now described. '^ I have taken the liberty of naming this bird as a trifling tribute of respect to Mr. George Ord of this city, the Nestor of American naturalists, the early and constant friend and biographer of the great Alexander Wilson. The Committee on Dr. Leidy's new species of Entozoa, reported in favor of publication in the Proceedings. Descriptions of new species of Entozoa. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. 1. CacuLANUS ROSEUS. Body rose-red with whitish tips, translucent, cylindri- cal, robust, narrowed at the extremities ; anteriorly obtuse ; posteriorly acute. Mouth elongated, surrrounded by a papillated lip, and enclosing a complex, cor- neous, yellow colored, apparatus. CEsophagus consisting of two portions : the first long, cylindrical ; the second short, narrow, pyriform. Ventriculus broad, cylindrical. Anus very near the posterior end. Tail l-5th of a line long. Female. Length 1 in. to li in.; breadth 3-5ths of a line. Generative aperture 4 lines from the end of the tail. Ovaries two, white, very tortuous. Male .Length 6 to 10 lines : breadth i a line. Penis composed of two, white, curved, spicul^e, 4-5ths a line long, protruding close to the anal aperture. Habitation. I found 580 adult specimens and many thousand young of this spe- cies in the intestine of a Tortoise (Testudo ) from Java. About one- fourth of the number were males. 2. AscARis Felis discoloris. Body yellowish-white, sub-cylindrical, with pro- minent longitudinal lines ; posteriorly acute ; anteriorly moderately narrowed with the extremity furnished with a narrow lateral alaform expansion undulated at the free edge. Mouth distinctly trilobed. Tail short; anus just anterior to the point of the latter. Length 1 in. to li in. ; greatest breadth at the posterior third i a line ; posterior to alaform expansion J of a line ; length of latter 1 line ; greatest breadth at base 1-lOth of a line. Annulations l-570th in. wide. Hibitation. Six females obtained from the small intestine of Felis discolor. 3. Spiroptera Bidelphidis virginiance. Body whitish, cylindrical ; anteri- 01 ly narrowed, sub-acute ; posteriorly curved, acute, furnished with a broad, in- flated, lateral, alaform expansion of the integument, pierced on each side of the body with five minute respiratory tubes opening at the free edge of the expansion. Integument on the ventral surface, between the lateral expansions, presenting a 21 156 [Feb. number of elevated, longitudinal, moderately tortuous, papiUated, linear ridges. Mouth small, round. Gilsophagus long, cylindrical. Intestine simple, tortuous. Anus small, oval, situated about half the length of the alary expansion, from the posterior end. Length 11 lines ; breadth 3-5ths of a line. Transverse striae of integument l-6.j0th in. vv^ide. ffisophagus 2i lines long ; l-5th of a line broad. Habitation. The description is taken from two males found within the stomach of Didelphis virginiana. 4. Spiroptera Scalopis canadensis. Body vi^hitish, cylindrical ; anteriorly attenuated ; posteriorly re-curved, furnished at the extremity with a lateral dilated alary expansion, containing four minute respiratory tubes, diverging from the position of the anus. Mouth small. (Esophagus cylindrical ; Intestine mode- rately tortuous. Anus about half the length of the alary expansion from the pos- terior end. Length 6 lines ; breadth i of a line. (Esophagus J of a line long. Habitation. Description from a single male found in the stomach of Scalops canadensis. 5. EcHiNORYNCHus sociALis. Body white, cylindrical, with a dilatation of the anterior fifth ; narrowed posteriorly, with a white spiral band passing around the whole length, and giving the appearance of transverse annulations. Proboscis moderately long, cylindrical, with twenty-six transverse rows of simple re-curve(J booklets, sixteen in each row. Male furnished with a posterior vesicular appendage. Length from h an in. to 2 in. 4 lines ; breadth of larger individuals anteriorly, f of a line ; posteriorly 2-5ths of a line. Habitation. Found frequently in considerable numbers in the intestine of Pla tessa plana. The Committee, to whom the paper of Dr Berlandier, read to the Academy Feb llth, 1851, describing two species of Mexican wolves, was referred, reported : That after a careful examination, they are satisfied that the first, the Cams Mexicanus of Desmarest, No. 297, and the Lupus Mexicanus of Col. Hamilton Smith, Vol. 9th, Mammalia Nat. Lib., though heretofore considered by Richard- son and others as a variety of the common wolf, Lupus occidentalis, is yet, from its peculiarly marked form, entitled to be considered a distinct species. As this wolf has been described and figured in the work referred to, it would only be unnecessarily multiplying its synonyms to publish a new name for it, unless stronger reasons be given than exist in the present case. The second is unques- tionably the one described by Dr. Woodhouse, under the name of Canis frustror, in a paper read to the Academy, Jan. 7th, 1851, and directed to be published in the Proceedings and in the Journal of the Academy. The same objection, the unnecessary multiplication of synonyms, also applies to the publication of the name given by Dr. Berlandier to this wolf. Although Dr. Woodhouse is entitled by priority of publication to the right of giving the specific name, yet the Com- mittee feel unwilling to report against the publication of this part of the paper, especially as it strongly corroborates the views expressed by them in the remarks made on the Canis frustror. Considering the description of the first also as im- 1851.] 157 portant in establishing the claim of the Lupus Mexicanus to be ranked as a distinct species, and not as a variety, the Committee would recommend the publication of the translation of the paper of Dr. Berlandier, omitting the specific names ffiven by him, in the Proceedings of the Academy. Canis Mexicanis, Desm. 297. Head elongated, reddish-grey, with a blackish band upon the forehead, not dis. tinctly defined; ears reddish, a little darker upo'i the anterior margin; bark mix- ture of ashy-grey; dirty red and blackish bands, which extend a little upon the flanks; a mane ; ahdomeu dirty light-red ; tail reddish, black above, very much tufted, and terminated by black hairs, not pendulous. It inliabits almost the whole of Mexico, and is common in desert localities, particularly in the shore regions of the Gulf of Mexico. It is found also upon the central plateau. It is as susceptible of being tamed as a dog; (those which I have raised were very good as watch dogs) it lives on good terms with the domestic animals. It howls principally at night when the weather is about to change. This wolf is celebrated for his cunning, his vivacity and his habits. All the inhabitants bg. stow upon him in a high degree these first qualities. Total length from the end of the nose to the extremity of the tail, 4 feet 6 inches French. Height at the shoulder 1 foot 5 inches. 'o' Canis frustror, Woodhouse. Size of the common fox, (Canis vulpes) or a little larger; reddish-grey; a black- ish-grey mane along the back, shaded with black upon the shoulders ; ears cinna- mon-red ; anterior feet red, in front blackish ; extremity of the tail blackish. Inhabits all the plains, more or less wooded, of Tamaulipas, New-Leon, Coahuila, and of Texas ; is again found in greater or less abundance throughout the whole of Mexico, and perhaps also in the greater part of North America. It is susceptible of being tamed, but preserves a distrustful character. It does not howl like the wolf, and its cry is rather a yelping bark, which is heard in the evening and also early in the morning. Total length fram the end of the nose to the extremity of the tail 3 feet 4 inches French. Height of the shoulder 1 foot 1 inch. Mammal very cowardly, but also perhaps the most cunning. The Corresponding Secretary read his Monthly Report which was adopted. The Auditors reported that they had examined the Report of the Treasurer for 1850, and had found it correct. ELECTION. The following- were elected Correspondents of the Academy. Mr. W. Heidinger, President of the Imperial Geological Society at Vienna- Karon Von Hauer, of Vienna; Prof. Joseph Hyrtl, of Vienna; Dr. C. M. Deising, of Vienna; and Mr. Charles Girard, of Washington, D. C. 1851.] 159 DONATIONS TO MUSEUM In January and February, 1851. Janxiary 1th. A large collection of American Reptilia, Fishes, Insects, and Tortoises, in spirits and dried, formerly belonging to Dr. Jacob Green of Philadelphia. Pre- sented by Prof. Franklin Bache. Four fossil vertebras, fragments of a fossil Cephalopod from the cretaceous series of Alabama ; bird tracks and rain drops in the newer red sandstone, from Princeton, New Jersey; and specimens of coal fossils. Presented by Mr. Joseph Jones. Numerous fine specimens of crystallized Mica, from Chester Co., Pennsylvania. Presented by Dr. Wm. D. Hartman. Fossil Ostrea, from Uraguay. From Dr. Bond. January \Ath. A small collection of minerals, shells, and fossils: Snout of Xiphius gladius : scull of Chelonia midas. Presented by the South wark Library Company of Philadelphia. Six specimens of shells, from Newport, R. I. ; four do. rocks, from do. Speci- mens of recent wood in process of carbonization : two specimens, variety of Indian corn. Presented by Mr. Samuel Powel. Four saurians, and eight ophidians, from South Africa. Presented by Dr. Gavin Watson. January 21st, Twenty specimens coal fossils; curious specimen of honey-comb rock, or cel- lular sandstone ; from Connellsville, Pennsylvania. Deposited by Mr. Joseph Jones. Specimen of Mud from the mud volcanoes, near Carthagena, New Grenada, South America. Presented by Mr. J. C. Trautwine. Three Indian relics ; fossil Helix. Presented by Southwark Library Com- pany. Three species Crustacea, Newport R. I. Coal with quartz. Presented by Mr. S. Powel. Two Gold fishes. Presented by Mr. Bisset. February Ath. An extensive collection of Crustacea from various localities, being part of the collection of M. Guerin, of Paris, containing 230 species and 614 specimens. Presented by Dr. T. B. Wilson. Eggs of Tinamus , from New Grenada; Thalassidroma Bulwerii, Madeira ; Phalacrocorax carboides and Sericornis frontalis, Australia; Platycercus Novae Zealandicae, New Zealand ; Malurus Lamberti, Eopsaltria australis, Pitta strepitans and Tropidorhynchus corniculatus, Australia. From Dr. Wilson. Donax protracta, Venus intapurpurea, Pecten fuscopurpureus, from Florida, Spondylus, nov. sp., New Jersey ; Triton subalveatum, Calavella vicksbursrensis Corbula alta, Fulgur nodulatum, and Natica Mississippiensis, from Vicksburg. Presented by Mr. T. A. Conrad. Four species of Fossil Echini from Georgia. Presented by Mr. J. H. Couper. Egg of African Ostrich, skin of Penguin, and Porcupine quills, from Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. J. Dawson. Fragment (456 grains) of a Meteorolite which fell inCabarras Co., N. Carolina From Prof. Sheppard, of Charleston, in exchange. 160 [Feb. Four very fine specimens of a fossil Ostrea from California. Deposited by Prof. Frazer. Cranium of a Dijak woman of Borneo, received from Mr. W. A. Gliddon by Dr. Morton, and deposited by the latter. F'\)ruary \\th. Six fragments, and three casts of Dipleura pomalonotus, six specimens of Pleu- rotomaria, three of Loxonema,and three Silurian fossil shells, from the Hamilton Group, Cazenovia, N. Y. ; Goniatites, Onondasa Co., N. Y. ; three specimens of Atrypa prisca and three of A. culioides, from Madison Co., N. Y. Presented by Mr. Ledyard Linklaen. PhalaBna odora, Lin. from the vicinity of Philadelphia, (a rare species in this locality). From Mr. John Mcllvaine, of Blockley. Shark's tooth from the Marl of New Jersey. From Mr. Powel. February ISth. Very fine specimen of Exogyra costata. From Mr. Harback, through Dr. Spackman. Skins of Albatross, giant Petrel, Cape Pigeons, Owl; and seeds of Cherimoya and Mango. Presented by Dr. G. R. B. Horner, U. S. N. Antlers of Cervus virginianus. From Mr. T. Fisher. Spongia ; from the Atlantic Ocean. From Mr. Wood. Calcareous Tufa, from Mr. Teublin, of Hlinois. Siliceous oxide of Zinc, from Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania. From Mr. John Cooke. Naucrates Echireis, in spirits. From Dr. T. C. Dunn, of Newport, R. I. through Dr. Morton. DONATIONS TO LIBRARY In January and February, 1851. January 1th. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 5, No. 45, April to December, 1850. From the Society. Catalogue of the Marginellidae in the collection of John H. Redfield, January 1, 1851. From the author. Contributions to Helminthology. By Joseph Leidy, M. D. From the author. Letter to the Rev. Dr. Bachman,on the question of Hybridity in animals, con- sidered in reference to the question of the Unity of the Human Race. By S. G. Morton, M. D. From the author. Additional observations on hybridity in animals, and on some collateral sub- jects : being a reply to the objections of the Rev. John Bachman, D. D. By S. G. Morton, M. D. From the author. Notes on Hybridity, designed as a supplement to the Memoir on that subject. ]By S. G. Morton, M. D. From the author. Annales des Mines. 4me. serie, tome 17, liv. 3 de 1850. From I'Ecole des Mines. Bibliotheca Botanica, sive catalogus auctorum et librorum omnium qui de re "botanica, de re rustica, &c. &c., tractant. A Joanne F. Seguierio Nemansense digessus. 4to. 1740. From Mr. George Ord. Fourth Annual Report of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. From the Institution. The following were presented by Mr. Edward Wilson, of Pembrokeshire, Wales, on the usual condition: Outlines of Human Osteology. By F. O. Ward. 16mo. Jocko : episode detache des lettres inedites sur I'instinct des animaux. Par Charles Pougens. 3d ed. 12mo. 1851.] 161 Dissertation physique a Poccasion du negre blanc. 8vo. Voyage au Mont Pilat. 8vo. Nouveau voyage fait au Peron. Par I'Abbe de la Blanchardiere. 8vo. C. Linnoei Olandska och Gothlandska Resa. 8vo. A Tour throughout the whole of France. By John Barnes. 8vo. Exercitationes de generatione animalium. Auctore Gulielmo Harveo. 12mo. De anima Brutorum. Auctore T. Willis, M. D. 12mo. Voyages physiques dans le Pyrenees en 1788 et 1789. Par Francois Pasumot. 8vo. F. Hasselquists, M. D. Iter Palestinum, eller Resa til Heliga iLandet forattad ifran Ar 1749 til 1752. Utgifven af Carl Linnasus. 8vo. Physiological lectures addressed to the College of Surgeons. By John Aber- nethy. 8vo. Experiences sur I'accroissement continue et la reproduction des dents chez les Lapins, &c. Par J. E. Oudet. Voyage en Norwege. Traduit de I'Allennand de J. C. Fabricius. 8vo. Traite de la culture du Nopal et de I'education de la Cochinelle dans les colo- nies Frangaises de I'Amerique. Par M. Thiery de Menonville. 8vo. Bulletin d'Histoire naturelle de France, publie par M. Neree Boubee. Nos. 18. Svo. Annales generales des Sciences physiques. Par MM. Bory St. Vincent, Drapiez et Van Mons. 8 vols, in 4. Svo. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences naturellesde Seine-et-Oise de 1842 a 1849. 3 vols. Svo. Memoires de la Societe des lettres. Sciences, &c., de Metz. Ans. 3 9. 7 vols. Svo. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France. Tome 4. Svo. Memoires de I'Academie Royale de Metz. Ans. 10 30. 22 vols. 8vo. Report of Proceedings on a voyage to the Northern Ports of China, in the Ship Lord Amherst. Svo. 2 vols. Catalogue raisonne des objets de Zoologie recueillis dans un voyage au Caucase et jusqu' aux frontiers actuelles de la Perse. Par E. Menetries. 4to. Essai sur les varieties de la couleur des Hommes. Par Bernard Campan de Montpelier. Bytrage zur Anatomie der Insektpn, Von A. M. Gaade. Recherches pour servir a I'histoire et a I'anatomie des Phryganides. Par F. I. Pictet. 4to. Jan-aary \^th History and description of the different varieties of the Pansey now in cultiva- tion in the British Gardens. By J. Sinclair and J. Freeman. 8vo. Histoire des MolUisques terrestres et lluiviatiles vivants dans les Pyrenees Occidentales. Par C. Mermet. Svo. Manuel du Bouvier. Par Joseph Robinet. 2 vols. Svo. , Histoire de I'introduction des Moutons a laine fine d'Espngne dans les divers Etats de I'Europe et au Cape de Bonne Esperance. Par C. P. Lasteyrie. Svo. Lessons in shells as given to children between the ages of 8 and 10, in a Pestal- lozzian Srh